Module 6: Nitrogen Compounds V1 (pending) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the following amines.

A
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2
Q

Draw the following amines.

A
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3
Q

Explain how amines act as bases.

A

lone pair on N accepts a H+ forming a dative covalent bond. ✓

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4
Q

Write an equation for the reaction between methyl amine and hydrochloric acid.the organic compounds clearly.

A
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5
Q
A
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6
Q

For the preparation of aliphatic primary amines explain why a haloalkane is reacted with excess ammonia and ethanol solvent.

A

To prevent undesired further substitutions. ✓

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7
Q

Write an equation, showing structures of the organic compounds clearly, for the reaction between chloroethane and excess ammonia.

A
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8
Q

Write an equation, showing structures of the organic compounds clearly, for the reaction between chloroethane and excess ethylamine.

A
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9
Q

What is the solvent used to synthesize an amine from a haloalkane.

A

Ethanol. ✓

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10
Q

State the reagents required for the synthesis of the following. Include a balanced equation showing structures clearly.

A
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11
Q

Propylamine can be synthesized from a chloroalkane. Using curly arrows and partial charges, draw a mechanism for this reaction.

A
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12
Q

Nitrobenzene can be reduced to phenylamine.
Write an equation for this reaction showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly.

A
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13
Q

What are the reagents to reduce nitrobenzene to phenylamine.

A

Sn/ HCl. ✓

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14
Q

3-bromophenylamine can be synthesised from benzene.

Give equations to show how this can be done in a particular order.

Include a balanced equations with reagents above the arrow for each step.

A
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15
Q

The following molecule can be synthesised from benzene.

Give equations to show how this can be done in a particular order.

Include a balanced equations with reagents above the arrow for each step.

A
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16
Q

Define what is meant by a “α-amino acid”. Give the general formula.

A
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17
Q

What is meant by the term “amphoteric”

A

Can react with both acids and bases. ✓

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18
Q

Draw the structure of the following compound at a pH 3 and pH 9.

A
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19
Q

Draw the structure of the following compound at a pH 3 and pH 9.

A
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20
Q

Define what is meant by a “Stereoisomer”

A

Compounds with the same structural formula. ✓

But a different arrangement of atoms in space. ✓

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21
Q

State the two different examples of stereoisomers.

A

E/Z stereoisomerism. ✓

Optical stereoisomerism. ✓

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22
Q

What is meant by a “chiral carbon” atom.

A

A carbon attached to four different groups. ✓

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23
Q

Define what is meant by “enantiomers”

A

Two mirror images around a chiral carbon atom. ✓

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24
Q

State and explain the type of isomerism α-amino acids have.

A

All amino acids apart from glycine (R = H) have a chiral carbon. ✓

And so have optical isomerism. ✓

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25
Q
A
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26
Q

Define what is meant by “optical isomers”.

A

Stereoisomers with non-superimposable mirror images. ✓

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27
Q
A
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28
Q
A
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29
Q
A
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30
Q
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31
Q
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32
Q
A
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33
Q

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly, for the synthesis of butanamide.

A
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34
Q

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly, for the synthesis of N-ethylbutanamide.

A
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35
Q

State what is meant by a primary, secondary and tertiary amide.

A

A primary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to one carbons. ✓

A secondary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to two carbons. ✓

A tertiary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to three carbons. ✓

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36
Q

The following amino acid can react with itself to form a dipeptide.

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.

A
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37
Q

State what is meant by a “Condensation reaction”.

A

Two molecules react with the loss of a small molecule e.g. H2O. ✓

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38
Q

Explain why condensation polymers are biodegradable.

A

Contain an ester/ amide bond. ✓

amide/ester bond can be hydrolysed. ✓

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39
Q

Explain why condensation polymers are photodegradable.

A

C=O bond absorbs radiation from the sun and breaks. ✓

40
Q

The following is a polymerisation reaction.

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.

41
Q

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.

42
Q

State the reagents and conditions required to hydrolyse a polymer (acidic conditions)

A

Reflux with hot aqueous acid i.e. HCl. ✓

43
Q

State the reagents and conditions required to hydrolyse a polymer (alkali conditions)

A

Reflux with hot aqueous alkali i.e. NaOH. ✓

44
Q

State the number of ester and amide bonds in the following.

A

0 ester. ✓

3 amide. ✓

45
Q

State the number of ester and amide bonds in the following.

A

Ester: 3. ✓

Amide: 0. ✓

46
Q

This question is about organic compounds containing nitrogen.Aspartame, shown below, is an artificial sweetener commonly used as a sugar substitute
Aspartame contains several functional groups.Apart from the benzene ring, name the functional groups in aspartame.

A

Ester. ✓

Amide. ✓

Amine. ✓

Carboxylic acid. ✓

47
Q

A sample of aspartame is hydrolysed with aqueous acid.Draw the structures of the three organic products of the complete acid hydrolysis of aspartame.

50
Q

Governments are encouraging the development of biodegradable polymers to reduce dependency on persistent plastic waste derived from fossil fuels. Polymer E is a biodegradable polymer.Suggest why polymer E is able to biodegrade.

51
Q
56
Q

Systematically name the following amines using IUPAC nomenclature.

57
Q

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1-chloropropane and excess ammonia.

58
Q

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 2-bromobutane and excess ammonia.

59
Q

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1,2-dichlorocyclopentane and excess ammonia.

60
Q

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1-chloropropane and excess ethylamine.

61
Q

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 2-bromobutane and excess methylamine

62
Q

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1,2-dichlorocyclopentane and excess 2-methylpropylamine

63
Q

Give the equation for the complete hydrogenation of the propene.

64
Q

Give the equation for the complete hydrogenation of the following

67
Q

Give the equation for the complete reduction of the following.

68
Q

Give the equation for the complete reduction of the following.

69
Q

Give the equation for the complete reduction of the following.

70
Q

The polymer, poly(pent-2-ene) has a relative molecular mass of 50,000.Calculate the number of monomer molecules required to make one molecule of the polymer.

71
Q

The R group in an α-amino acid contains C and H only. This R group has a molar mass of 91 g mol–1. A polymer is formed from 500 molecules of this α-amino acid. Determine the molar mass of this polymer.

72
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

73
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

74
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

75
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

76
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

77
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

78
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

79
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

80
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

81
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

82
Q

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

83
Q

Balance the following equation by adding structures of the reactants.

84
Q

Balance the following equation by adding structures of the reactants.

85
Q

Suggest the reactant(s) required to synthesize the following condensation polymer.

86
Q

Suggest the reactant(s) required to synthesize the following condensation polymer.

87
Q

Suggest the reactant(s) required to synthesize the following condensation polymer.

88
Q

Draw one repeating unit of the reaction between the following monomers

89
Q

Draw one repeating unit of the reaction between the following monomers

90
Q

Give the balanced equations for the hydrogenation of 2-methylbutanitrile.

91
Q

Give the balanced equations for the hydrolysis of 2-methylbutanitrile.

92
Q

Give the balanced equations for the
formation of 2-methylpropanitrile from a bromoalkane.

93
Q

Give the balanced equations for the formation of 2-hydroxypropanitrile from a carbonyl compound.

94
Q

Complete the following synthesis map.

95
Q

chiral carbons and number of optical isomers and stuff