Module 6: Nitrogen Compounds V1 (pending)

Question 1

Name the following amines.

Answer 1

Question 2

Draw the following amines.

Answer 2

Question 3

Explain how amines act as bases.

Answer 3

lone pair on N accepts a H+ forming a dative covalent bond. ✓

Question 4

Write an equation for the reaction between methyl amine and hydrochloric acid.the organic compounds clearly.

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

For the preparation of aliphatic primary amines explain why a haloalkane is reacted with excess ammonia and ethanol solvent.

Answer 6

To prevent undesired further substitutions. ✓

Question 7

Write an equation, showing structures of the organic compounds clearly, for the reaction between chloroethane and excess ammonia.

Answer 7

Question 8

Write an equation, showing structures of the organic compounds clearly, for the reaction between chloroethane and excess ethylamine.

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the solvent used to synthesize an amine from a haloalkane.

Answer 9

Ethanol. ✓

Question 10

State the reagents required for the synthesis of the following. Include a balanced equation showing structures clearly.

Answer 10

Question 11

Propylamine can be synthesized from a chloroalkane. Using curly arrows and partial charges, draw a mechanism for this reaction.

Answer 11

Question 12

Nitrobenzene can be reduced to phenylamine.
Write an equation for this reaction showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly.

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the reagents to reduce nitrobenzene to phenylamine.

Answer 13

Sn/ HCl. ✓

Question 14

3-bromophenylamine can be synthesised from benzene.

Give equations to show how this can be done in a particular order.

Include a balanced equations with reagents above the arrow for each step.

Answer 14

Question 15

The following molecule can be synthesised from benzene.

Give equations to show how this can be done in a particular order.

Include a balanced equations with reagents above the arrow for each step.

Answer 15

Question 16

Define what is meant by a “α-amino acid”. Give the general formula.

Answer 16

Question 17

What is meant by the term “amphoteric”

Answer 17

Can react with both acids and bases. ✓

Question 18

Draw the structure of the following compound at a pH 3 and pH 9.

Answer 18

Question 19

Draw the structure of the following compound at a pH 3 and pH 9.

Answer 19

Question 20

Define what is meant by a “Stereoisomer”

Answer 20

Compounds with the same structural formula. ✓

But a different arrangement of atoms in space. ✓

Question 21

State the two different examples of stereoisomers.

Answer 21

E/Z stereoisomerism. ✓

Optical stereoisomerism. ✓

Question 22

What is meant by a “chiral carbon” atom.

Answer 22

A carbon attached to four different groups. ✓

Question 23

Define what is meant by “enantiomers”

Answer 23

Two mirror images around a chiral carbon atom. ✓

Question 24

State and explain the type of isomerism α-amino acids have.

Answer 24

All amino acids apart from glycine (R = H) have a chiral carbon. ✓

And so have optical isomerism. ✓

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Define what is meant by "optical isomers".

Answer 26

Stereoisomers with non-superimposable mirror images. ✓

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

4. ✓

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly, for the synthesis of butanamide.

Answer 33

Question 34

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly, for the synthesis of N-ethylbutanamide.

Answer 34

Question 35

State what is meant by a primary, secondary and tertiary amide.

Answer 35

A primary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to one carbons. ✓ A secondary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to two carbons. ✓ A tertiary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to three carbons. ✓

Question 36

The following amino acid can react with itself to form a dipeptide. Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.

Answer 36

Question 37

State what is meant by a "Condensation reaction".

Answer 37

Two molecules react with the loss of a small molecule e.g. H2O. ✓

Question 38

Explain why condensation polymers are biodegradable.

Answer 38

Contain an ester/ amide bond. ✓ amide/ester bond can be hydrolysed. ✓

Question 39

Explain why condensation polymers are photodegradable.

Answer 39

C=O bond absorbs radiation from the sun and breaks. ✓

Question 40

The following is a polymerisation reaction. Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.

Answer 40

Question 41

Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.

Answer 41

Question 42

State the reagents and conditions required to hydrolyse a polymer (acidic conditions)

Answer 42

Reflux with hot aqueous acid i.e. HCl. ✓

Question 43

State the reagents and conditions required to hydrolyse a polymer (alkali conditions)

Answer 43

Reflux with hot aqueous alkali i.e. NaOH. ✓

Question 44

State the number of ester and amide bonds in the following.

Answer 44

0 ester. ✓ 3 amide. ✓

Question 45

State the number of ester and amide bonds in the following.

Answer 45

Ester: 3. ✓ Amide: 0. ✓

Question 46

This question is about organic compounds containing nitrogen.Aspartame, shown below, is an artificial sweetener commonly used as a sugar substitute Aspartame contains several functional groups.Apart from the benzene ring, name the functional groups in aspartame.

Answer 46

Ester. ✓ Amide. ✓ Amine. ✓ Carboxylic acid. ✓

Question 47

A sample of aspartame is hydrolysed with aqueous acid.Draw the structures of the three organic products of the complete acid hydrolysis of aspartame.

Answer 47

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Governments are encouraging the development of biodegradable polymers to reduce dependency on persistent plastic waste derived from fossil fuels. Polymer E is a biodegradable polymer.Suggest why polymer E is able to biodegrade.

Answer 50

Question 51

Answer 51

A. ✓

Question 53

Answer 53

Question 54

Answer 54

Question 55

Answer 55

Question 56

Systematically name the following amines using IUPAC nomenclature.

Answer 56

Question 57

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1-chloropropane and excess ammonia.

Answer 57

Question 58

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 2-bromobutane and excess ammonia.

Answer 58

Question 59

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1,2-dichlorocyclopentane and excess ammonia.

Answer 59

Question 60

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1-chloropropane and excess ethylamine.

Answer 60

Question 61

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 2-bromobutane and excess methylamine

Answer 61

Question 62

Give the balanced equation for the reaction of 1,2-dichlorocyclopentane and excess 2-methylpropylamine

Answer 62

Question 63

Give the equation for the complete hydrogenation of the propene.

Answer 63

Question 64

Give the equation for the complete hydrogenation of the following

Answer 64

Question 65

Answer 65

Question 66

Answer 66

Question 67

Give the equation for the complete reduction of the following.

Answer 67

Question 68

Give the equation for the complete reduction of the following.

Answer 68

Question 69

Give the equation for the complete reduction of the following.

Answer 69

Question 70

The polymer, poly(pent-2-ene) has a relative molecular mass of 50,000.Calculate the number of monomer molecules required to make one molecule of the polymer.

Answer 70

Question 71

The R group in an α-amino acid contains C and H only. This R group has a molar mass of 91 g mol–1. A polymer is formed from 500 molecules of this α-amino acid. Determine the molar mass of this polymer.

Answer 71

Question 72

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

Answer 72

Question 73

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

Answer 73

Question 74

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

Answer 74

Question 75

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

Answer 75

Question 76

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

Answer 76

Question 77

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

Answer 77

Question 78

Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following

Answer 78

Question 79

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

Answer 79

Question 80

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

Answer 80

Question 81

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

Answer 81

Question 82

Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following

Answer 82

Question 83

Balance the following equation by adding structures of the reactants.

Answer 83

Question 84

Balance the following equation by adding structures of the reactants.

Answer 84

Question 85

Suggest the reactant(s) required to synthesize the following condensation polymer.

Answer 85

Question 86

Suggest the reactant(s) required to synthesize the following condensation polymer.

Answer 86

Question 87

Suggest the reactant(s) required to synthesize the following condensation polymer.

Answer 87

Question 88

Draw one repeating unit of the reaction between the following monomers

Answer 88

Question 89

Draw one repeating unit of the reaction between the following monomers

Answer 89

Question 90

Give the balanced equations for the hydrogenation of 2-methylbutanitrile.

Answer 90

Question 91

Give the balanced equations for the hydrolysis of 2-methylbutanitrile.

Answer 91

Question 92

Give the balanced equations for the formation of 2-methylpropanitrile from a bromoalkane.

Answer 92

Question 93

Give the balanced equations for the formation of 2-hydroxypropanitrile from a carbonyl compound.

Answer 93

Question 94

Complete the following synthesis map.

Answer 94

Question 95

chiral carbons and number of optical isomers and stuff