Module #6: Solutions And Equilibrium

Question 1

What is the equilibrium equation?

Answer 1

Keq = [C]to the c x [D]to the d/[A]to the a x [B]to the b

Question 2

What is the relation equation for Gibbs free energy and the proceeding of a reaction?

Answer 2

Delta G = -R x T x ln (K)

Or

K = e to the power of (-Delta G/RT)

Question 3

What is the relation between Gibbs free energy and the reaction equilibrium?

Answer 3

When DeltaG is negative, more products are formed. When it is positive, the reactants do not react as much. When the number is small, it is more of an equilibrium.

Question 4

What is the ideal gas constant helpful for the Delta G equation?

Answer 4

8.314 Jules/moles x Kelvin

Question 5

What is the equation for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 5

Degrees Celsius = 5/9 (degrees Fahrenheit - 32)

Question 6

What is the equation for changing Celsius to Kelvin?

Answer 6

K= C + 273.15

Question 7

What is the atomic mass unit?

Answer 7

1.00 amu = 1.66 x 10 to the -24th power g

Question 8

Molarity

Answer 8

M=#Moles/# TOTAL Liters

Question 9

Molality

Answer 9

m = # moles of solute/ # moles of solvent

Question 10

Common Ion Effect

Answer 10

Reduction in a solute’ solubility when put in the presence of a common ion.

Question 11

What is the first rule for solubility in water?

Answer 11

Most ionic solids made with Group 1A metals are soluble

Question 12

What is the second rule for solubility in water?

Answer 12

All ionic solids made with the ammonium ion are soluble

Question 13

What is the third rule for solubility in water?

Answer 13

Most nitrates acetates are soluble

Question 14

What is the fourth rule for solubility in water?

Answer 14

Most chlorides are soluble

Question 15

What is the fifth rule for solubility in water?

Answer 15

Most sulfates are soluble

Question 16

What is the sixth rule for solubility in water?

Answer 16

Most hydroxides (except those made with group 1A metals and the ammonium ion) are mostly insoluble

Question 17

What is the seventh rule for solubility in water?

Answer 17

Most carbonates, phosphates, and sulfides (except those made with group 1A metals and the ammonium ion) are mostly insoluble

Question 18

What is the quadratic formula?

Answer 18

x = -B +- \/_ Bsquared - 4 x A x C / 2 x A