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Abd / SS > Module 6 : Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum > Flashcards

Module 6 : Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum Flashcards

1
Q

what structure separates the thorax from the abdominal cavity

A

the diaphragm

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2
Q

what structure separates the peritoneum from the retroperitoneum

A

peritoneal membrane

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3
Q

peritoneal membrane

A
  • thin layer of loose connective tissue lines abdominal cavity
  • produces a serous fluid
  • contains fat, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
  • creates ligaments and folds
    + anchors organs
  • allows free movement between organs
    + decreases friction
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4
Q

what are the 2 layers of the peritoneum

A
  • parietal and visceral
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5
Q

what do the 2 layers of the peritoneum create

A
  • create a potential space/cavity where fluid can collect
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6
Q

creation of peritoneum

A
  • during fetal development some organs become enclosed with double folds of peritoneum
  • others do not migrate into the cavity but remain with only the anterior surfaces covered
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7
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A
  • enclosed within the double folds of peritoneum
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8
Q

retroperitoneal

A
  • remain outside the cavity with only anterior surfaces covered
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9
Q

peritoneal folds

A
  • mesentery
  • mesocolon
  • lesser omentum
  • greater omentum
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10
Q

mesentery

A
  • peritoneal folds connecting small bowel to posterior abdominal wall
  • large and fan shaped
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11
Q

mesocolon

A
  • peritoneum attached to colon

- connects transverse colon and sigmoid to posterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

lesser omentum

A
  • double layer of mesentery

- connects lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum to visceral surface of liver

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13
Q

greater omentum

A
  • apron like fold that connects greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon
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14
Q

ligaments

A
  • double folds of peritoneum
  • name generally relate to the specific organ they are attached
  • convey blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves to organs
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15
Q

falciform ligament

A
  • travels from the umbilicus to the liver

- passes over the anterior superior liver surface and splits

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16
Q

what structure runs through the falciform ligament

A
  • ligamentum teres
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17
Q

what other ligaments are formed from the splitting of the falciform ligament

A
  • triangular and coronary ligament
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18
Q

coronary ligaments

A
  • parietal peritoneum
  • posterior aspect of liver
  • DEFINE BARE AREA OF LIVER
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19
Q

ligamentum teres

A
  • remnant of fetal umbilical vein

- runs in falciform ligament and joins left portal vein at the porta hepatis

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20
Q

legamentum venosum

A
  • remnant of fetal ductus venosum

- attaches to left portal vein above IVC

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21
Q

triangular ligaments

A
  • corners of bare area
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22
Q

hepatoduodenal ligaments

A
  • conducts MPV, CBD, HA
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23
Q

hepatogastric ligament

A
  • forms lesser omentum with hepatoduodenal
24
Q

other ligaments

A
  • gastrocolic
  • gstrosplenic
  • splenorenal
25
Q

peritoneal spaces

A
  • potential spaces created between the parietal and visceral layers
  • CLOSED ACCEPT IN FEMALES (Fallopian tubes)
  • in pathological state, fluid and pus can collect in some spaces
26
Q

right sub hepatic space

A
  • MORISONS POUCH
  • posterior to right lobe of liver
  • anterior to upper pole of right kidney
  • MOST DEPENDENT PORTION OF SUBHEPATIC SPACE
27
Q

left sub hepatic space

A
  • anterior and posterior recess

- lesser sac is part of it

28
Q

subphrenic space

A
  • anterior and posterior sections
29
Q

what structures define the subphenic space

A
  • liver and diaphragm
30
Q

what ligament divides this space into right and left

A
  • falciform ligament
31
Q

lesser sac

A
  • communicates with the greater sac
32
Q

what is an alternate name for lesser sac

A
  • mental bursa
33
Q

what are the terms for the opening of the lesser sac

A
  • epiploic foramen / foramen of of Winslow

- mental foramen / omental neck

34
Q

what structure lies posterior to opening

A

IVC

35
Q

what structure lies superior to opening

A

caudate

36
Q

what structure lies anterior to opening

A

stomach

37
Q

what retroperitoneal structure lies posterior to lesser sac

A

pancreas

38
Q

greater sac

A
  • accounts for most of space in peritoneal cavity
  • ANTERIOR to LESSER SAC SUPERIORLY
  • POSTERIOR to LESSER SAC INFERIORLY
39
Q

what structure divides the greater sac into supramesocolic and inframesocolic compartments

A 
- fold of peritoneum 
    \+ TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON 
- supramesocolic 
    \+ subphrenic and subhepatic
- inframesocolic
    \+ paracolic gutter and pelvic reflection
40
Q

inframesocolic compartment

A
  • divided into right and left by the root of the mesentery
41
Q

right and left compartments

A
  • divided into medial and lateral areas by
    + the ascending colon (right)
    + the descending colon (left)
42
Q

paracolic gutters - right

A
  • space between the ascending colon and the right lateral abdominal wall
43
Q

paracolic gutters - left

A
  • space between the descending colon and left lateral abdominal wall
44
Q

which portion of the inframesocolic compartment does not communicate with the pelvic cavity directly

A

right medial compartment

45
Q

which ligament prevents the left lateral gutter from communicating with the left supramesocolic area

A

phrenocolic ligament

46
Q

sonographic appearance

A
  • parietal peritoneum = thin smooth echogenic line deep to abdominal wall muscle = peritoneal line
  • mesentery = seen with ascites, free floating smoot leaves directed toward centre of abdomen
47
Q

the retroperitoneum

A
  • posterior to peritoneum
  • anterior to transversals fascia
  • diaphragm form superior boundary
  • pelvic brim inferior boundary
  • 3 compartments/spaces formed by 2 layers of fascia
48
Q

anterior pararenal space - anterior and posterior boundry

A
  • anterior = peritoneum (parietal)

- posterior = gerotas fascia/ renal fascia

49
Q

anterior pararenal space - major structures

A
  • ascending and descending colon
  • duodenum (except for 1st)
  • pancreas
50
Q

anterior pararenal space - communication

A
  • potential midline communication

- communicates with the posterior pararenal space and pelvis

51
Q

perirenal space - borders

A
  • enclosed by renal fascia
52
Q

perirenal space - major structures

A
  • kidneys
  • adrenals
  • ureters
  • great vessels
53
Q

perirenal space - communication

A
  • communicates with pelvic space

- no communication across midline (great vessels get in the way)

54
Q

posterior pararenal space

A
  • posterior renal fascia to the transversalis fascia
  • no solid organs
  • contains fat
55
Q

posterior pararenal space - communication

A
  • anterior pararenal
  • pelvis
  • pro peritoneal space
    + pontential space between peritoneum and transversals fascia
56
Q

retroperitoneum - role of ultrasound

A
  • characterize legions
  • assess aortic aneurysms
  • provide guidance for interventional procedures

Abd / SS (14 decks)

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