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Abd / SS > Module 1 : Ultrasound Terminology > Flashcards

Module 1 : Ultrasound Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Inferior

A

Toward feet

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2
Q

Superior

A

Toward head

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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5
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the sides

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7
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

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8
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of origin

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10
Q

Distal

A

Further from midline

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface

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12
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

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13
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the feet

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14
Q

Cephalic / cephalad

A

Toward the head

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15
Q

Echogenicity

A

Amount of echoes produced

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16
Q

Echotexture

A

Echo pattern within an organ

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17
Q

Echogenic

A

Relative term
Produces echoes
Echo rich

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18
Q

Anechoic

A

W/o internal echoes
Not always cystic
Echolucent
Sonolucent

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19
Q

Hyperechoic

A

Increased amount of echoes

Describes comparison to an adjacent structure

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20
Q

Hypoechoic

A

Few echoes
Comparison to another structure
Echopenic
Echo poor

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21
Q

Isoechoic

A

Same echogenicity as adjacent structure

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22
Q

Homogeneous

A

Uniform echoes throughout a structure

Determines parenchyma texture Of several organs

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23
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Uneven texture pattern

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24
Q

Necrotic

A

Tissue death

Mixed echogenicity

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25
Q

Parenchyma

A

Tissue

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26
Q

Acute

A

Sudden onset of signs and symptoms

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27
Q

Afebrile

A

W/o fever (usually fever means infection)

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28
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting, decrease in size

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29
Q

Chronic

A

Gradual onset; health related state lasting long time (greater than 6 months)

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30
Q

Complication

A

Develops as a result of a disease

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31
Q

Congenital

A

Existing at birth; may be hereditary or due to interference at some point

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32
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

33
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of disease

34
Q

Genetic

A

Abnormality due to defective genes

35
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size

36
Q

Latrogenic

A

Response occurring as a result of treatments UNWANTED

37
Q

Idiopathic

A

Unknown cause

38
Q

Infection

A

Invasion of microorganism causing disease

39
Q

Inflammation

A

Reaction occurring in response to injury

40
Q

Ischemia

A

Decrease in blood supply causing injury or death (happens over time)

41
Q

Infarction

A

SUDDEN insufficiency of blood causing necrosis

42
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of cells, tissue, organs

43
Q

Neoplasm

A

Abnormal tissue growth due to an abnormal proliferation of cells

44
Q

Prognosis

A

Forecast of probable outcome of disease

45
Q

Sign

A

Finding during a physical exam

46
Q

Symptom

A

Complaint from the patient

47
Q

tissues changes can be ?

A
  • focal

- diffuse

48
Q

focal changes

A
  • localized changes in structure (organ)
  • circumscribed (borders)
  • defined by a wall
  • single or multiple
  • MASS
49
Q

diffuse changes

A 
- changes that affect the overall organ parenchcyma
   \+ echo texture 
   \+ size shape 
   \+ organ positon 
   \+ influence on adjacent structures
- INFILTRATIVE
- subtle
50
Q

key info in characterizing abnormalities

A
  • location
  • size
  • shape
  • wall definition/contour
  • internal echo pattern
  • attenuation characteristics
  • vascularity
  • compression/displacemnet
51
Q

location - diffuse

A
  • may change the position of on organ
52
Q

location - focal

A
  • reference relational anatomy
  • use directional amatomy
    + coinauds
53
Q

size - diffuse

A
  • change in organ size

- measure organ

54
Q

size - focal

A
  • 2 planes/ 3 measurements
55
Q

shape - diffuse

A
  • organ contour changes
56
Q

shape - focal

A
  • round or oval

- irregular

57
Q

wall definition / contour - diffuse

A
  • capsule changes
  • contour changes
    + nodular
58
Q

wall definition / contour - focal

A
  • describe the wall outline

- scan in multiple plans

59
Q

wall definition - well definied

A
  • means the same thing as well circumscribed
60
Q

internal echo pattern - inadequate gains

A
  • make things appear falsely cystic
61
Q

internal echo pattern - excessive gains

A
  • make things appear falsely solid
62
Q

diffuse disease - echo texture and pattern

A
  • echotexture
    + becomes heterogenous irregular or patchy parenchyma
  • echogenicity
    + becomes hyper echoic hypo echoic anechoic isoechoic
63
Q

focal disease - mass legion categories

A
  • cystic = fluid filled
  • solid = tissue
  • mixed or complex = fluid and tissue
64
Q

simple cyst - 4 criteria

A 
- no internal echoes (anechoic)
  \+ no color flow 
- strong back wall 
- POSTERIOR ENHANCEMENT
- defined borders
   \+ round or oval shape
65
Q

complex

A
  • contains fluid and solid areas

- may display posterior shadowing and or enhancement

66
Q

complex mostly cystic

A
  • small solid nodules
  • separations
  • debris
67
Q

complex mostly solid

A
  • mostly solid mass with smaller cystic component
68
Q

attenuation characteristics

A
  • refers to the amount of sound passing through a structure causing an effect posterior to a structure
  • ## marked (really obvious) moderate or poor
69
Q

acoustic enhancement

A
  • increased area of brightness underneath fluid resulting from lack of impedance when sound waves move through the fluid
70
Q

acoustic shadowing

A
  • absence of echoes posterior to dense material which impedes the transmission of sound
71
Q

vascularity

A 
- evaluate blood flow pattern 
  \+ venous or arterial 
- use spectral color power doppler
- amount of blood flow
  \+ increased decreased no flow 
- location of blood flow
   \+ central or peripheral
72
Q

compression or displacement - diffuse

A
  • may compress.displace adjacent organs or structures
73
Q

compression or displacement - focal disease

A
  • compress/displace adjacent organs or structures

- compress/displace vasculature affected organ

74
Q

cystic diseases

A
  • diseases that result in the formation of cysts
  • true cysts (epithelial wall)
    + etiology
    = congenital or age related
  • acquired cysts (no epithelial wall)
    + etiology
    = trauma, parasites, abscesses
75
Q

neoplastic disease

A 
- abnormal tissue growth 
  \+ cells proliferate at a faster rate
- benign and malignant 
- etiology 
   \+ genetics
   \+ infection 
    \+ lifestyle 
   \+ environment factors
76
Q

infectious disease

A
  • disease due to a microorganism
  • etiology
    + viruses
    + bacteria
    + fungus
    + parasites
77
Q

metabolic disorders

A 
- abnormality in metabolism of substances
  \+ fat glycogen calcium 
- eitology 
  \+ genetic 
   \+ toxins or infection
78
Q

congenital disorders

A 
- abnormality presenting at or before birth 
  \+ anomolies
   \+ malformations
  \+ diseases
- etiology
   \+ genetic 
   \+ insult or injury during development
79
Q

vascular disease

A
  • any disease causing an interference of hemodynamics
    + thrombus compressioni stenosis aneurysm
  • etiology
    + lifestyle
    + genesis
    + trauma

Abd / SS (14 decks)

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