Module 6: Nitrogen Compounds V1 Flashcards
Name the following amines.
Draw the following amines.
Explain how amines act as bases.
lone pair on N accepts a H+ forming a dative covalent bond. ✓
Write an equation for the reaction between methyl amine and hydrochloric acid.the organic compounds clearly.
For the preparation of aliphatic primary amines explain why a haloalkane is reacted with excess ammonia and ethanol solvent.
To prevent undesired further substitutions. ✓
Write an equation, showing structures of the organic compounds clearly, for the reaction between chloroethane and excess ammonia.
Write an equation, showing structures of the organic compounds clearly, for the reaction between chloroethane and excess ethylamine.
What is the solvent used to synthesize an amine from a haloalkane.
Ethanol. ✓
State the reagents required for the synthesis of the following. Include a balanced equation showing structures clearly.
Propylamine can be synthesized from a chloroalkane. Using curly arrows and partial charges, draw a mechanism for this reaction.
Nitrobenzene can be reduced to phenylamine.
Write an equation for this reaction showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly.
What are the reagents to reduce nitrobenzene to phenylamine.
Sn/ HCl. ✓
3-bromophenylamine can be synthesised from benzene.
Give equations to show how this can be done in a particular order.
Include a balanced equations with reagents above the arrow for each step.
The following molecule can be synthesised from benzene.
Give equations to show how this can be done in a particular order.
Include a balanced equations with reagents above the arrow for each step.
Define what is meant by a “α-amino acid”. Give the general formula.
What is meant by the term “amphoteric”
Can react with both acids and bases. ✓
Draw the structure of the following compound at a pH 3 and pH 9.
Draw the structure of the following compound at a pH 3 and pH 9.
Define what is meant by a “Stereoisomer”
Compounds with the same structural formula. ✓
But a different arrangement of atoms in space. ✓
State the two different examples of stereoisomers.
E/Z stereoisomerism. ✓
Optical stereoisomerism. ✓
What is meant by a “chiral carbon” atom.
A carbon attached to four different groups. ✓
Define what is meant by “enantiomers”
Two mirror images around a chiral carbon atom. ✓
State and explain the type of isomerism α-amino acids have.
All amino acids apart from glycine (R = H) have a chiral carbon. ✓
And so have optical isomerism. ✓
Define what is meant by “optical isomers”.
Stereoisomers with non-superimposable mirror images. ✓
- ✓
- ✓
- ✓
- ✓
Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly, for the synthesis of butanamide.
Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly, for the synthesis of N-ethylbutanamide.
State what is meant by a primary, secondary and tertiary amide.
A primary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to one carbons. ✓
A secondary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to two carbons. ✓
A tertiary amide is where the nitrogen is attached to three carbons. ✓
The following amino acid can react with itself to form a dipeptide.
Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.
State what is meant by a “Condensation reaction”.
Two molecules react with the loss of a small molecule e.g. H2O. ✓
Explain why condensation polymers are biodegradable.
Contain an ester/ amide bond. ✓
amide/ester bond can be hydrolysed. ✓
Explain why condensation polymers are photodegradable.
C=O bond absorbs radiation from the sun and breaks. ✓
The following is a polymerisation reaction.
Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.
Write an equation, showing the structure of the organic compounds clearly for this reaction.
Draw one repeating unit of the reaction between the following monomers
Draw one repeating unit of the reaction between the following monomers
State the reagents and conditions required to hydrolyse a polymer (acidic conditions)
Reflux with hot aqueous acid i.e. HCl. ✓
State the reagents and conditions required to hydrolyse a polymer (alkali conditions)
Reflux with hot aqueous alkali i.e. NaOH. ✓
The following can be hydrolysed via acidic or alkali conditions. Show the organic products from both of these reactions.
State the number of ester and amide bonds in the following.
0 ester. ✓
3 amide. ✓
Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following
Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following
Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following
Draw the product(s) formed from the acid hydrolysis of the following
State the number of ester and amide bonds in the following.
Ester: 3. ✓
Amide: 0. ✓
The following can be hydrolysed via acidic or alkali conditions. Show the organic products from both of these reactions.
Draw the product(s) formed from the base hydrolysis of the following
This question is about organic compounds containing nitrogen.Aspartame, shown below, is an artificial sweetener commonly used as a sugar substitute
Aspartame contains several functional groups.Apart from the benzene ring, name the functional groups in aspartame.
Ester. ✓
Amide. ✓
Amine. ✓
Carboxylic acid. ✓
A sample of aspartame is hydrolysed with aqueous acid.Draw the structures of the three organic products of the complete acid hydrolysis of aspartame.
Governments are encouraging the development of biodegradable polymers to reduce dependency on persistent plastic waste derived from fossil fuels. Polymer E is a biodegradable polymer.Suggest why polymer E is able to biodegrade.
A. ✓
