Module 6: Hypothesis Testing

Question 1

What is Hypothesis testing?

Answer 1

Is a method to test a hypothesis about population parameters based on sample statistics. It determines the probability that the sample statistic was observed, assuming the population parameter is true.

Question 2

• “Is a method to test a hypothesis about population parameters based on sample statistics”

Answer 2

Step 1: Take a sample

Question 3

“It determines the probability that the sample statistic was
observed assuming the population parameter is true.”

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the Two outcomes of Hypothesis Testing?

Answer 4

Either the hypothesis is supported or not supported.
You dont say “prove”

Hypothesis Testing relies heavily on probability

Question 5

What are the 4 Steps of Hypothesis testing?

Answer 5

1.State the statistical hypotheses (null and alternative)

2.Make a decision about the null

• Identifying alpha, critical values, and decision rule
• Calculate the statistic
• Reject or do not reject the null

3.Draw a conclusion from the analysis
4.Relate the results of the analysis to the research hypothesis

Question 6

Why do we sometimes get different sample means from the sam population

Answer 6

• Every sample mean can be attributable to sampling error
• The different numbers are attributable to random factors
• The differences do not exist in reality
• Null hypothesis (H0)

Question 7

Normal Sample Dustribution Example

Answer 7

Question 8

Calculate the probability of getting a mean of 18, a mean of 24 and a mean of 21?

Answer 8

Question 9

What mean age is less likely observed due to random factors?

What results are we interested in when we want to reject the null hypothesis?

Answer 9

24 years is least likely to be observed (11 years is 2nd least)
They are still possible but have a lower probability of being observed

We are interested in the less likely results when we want to reject the null hypothesis

Those results are located on the tails

Question 10

Label

Answer 10

Question 11

What value of p leads to a rejection in the null hypothesis?

Answer 11

By convention (and tradition), we choose 0.05

Alpha (α) is the probability we chose to reject the null hypothesis

If p < alpha, we reject the null (e.g., if p < 0.05)

The rejected values are critical values