Module 6 - For Midterm

Question 1

_______ insist that the individual person is the only one who should determine whether actions are right or wrong.

Answer 1

Subjectivists

Question 2

So whenever you hear people say,
“It is good because I say so”, or “no one knows my situation better than myself”, then that person must be a ______.

Answer 2

subjectivist

Question 3

________ assert personal
independence and autonomy.

Answer 3

Moral subjectivists

Question 4

__________ may vary according to one’s motive for action.

Answer 4

Moral subjectivism

Question 5

_________ is the belief that human beings are naturally self-centered, hence all actions are motivated by self-interest

Answer 5

Psychological egoism

Question 6

“What is good is what is beneficial
to me” or “it is good if I can benefit from it.”

Answer 6

Psychological egoism

Question 7

For the ________ the sole criteria for morality are the self or the ego.

Answer 7

psychological egoist

Question 8

The _______ may allow certain actions that may benefit other people, but doing it should ultimately benefit the self.

Answer 8

ethical egoist

Question 9

In other words, helping other people is desirable because I can also benefit from it.

Answer 9

ethical egoism

For example, politicians who “help”
the poor especially when election
time is near are actually doing it so
that people will vote for them.

Question 10

If you do good works so that you will
receive awards and recognition, then
you are an ______.

Answer 10

ethical egoist

Question 11

On the other hand, _______ of value pluralism argues that values, beliefs, or ethical principles for that matter are “incommensurable”.

Answer 11

ethical pluralism

Question 12

To put it in simple terms, there are several values that are equally valid and important and yet they are in conflict with one another.

Therefore, values should not be
judged by the _______ because they have no common _______

Answer 12

same standard
standard of measurement

For example, you could not impose the same standard or criteria when you compare the life of a religious nun and a devout mother. You could not
say “the nun is a better person than
the mother because the nun is more
prayerful” simply because both have
conflicting values.

The mother may not have the luxury of time praying because most of the time she is at work or busy taking care of her children. But this does not make her lesser good than the nun.

Question 13

In addition, we live in a world of varying moral standards and in making moral judgments, we need to make a ______. In most cases, we either have to follow or choose this moral value or that moral value. In any case, our preferred choice already excludes the other.

Answer 13

moral choice

Question 14

“denial that moral values are objectively factual”.

Answer 14

Moral skepticism

Question 15

Ethical pluralism differs from _____

Answer 15

Moral skepticism

Question 16

An Australian philosopher is one of the proponents of moral skepticism. In his book Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong,

Answer 16

John Leslie Mackie

Question 17

_______ boldly exclaims: “There are no
objective values.” His moral reasoning is anchored on what he calls “objective facts”, that is, we have no good reason to believe those objective moral facts exist. In other words, there are no objectively right or wrong actions, only subjective “preferences”.

Answer 17

Mackie

Question 18

__________, on the other hand, means that “there are no moral facts,
no moral truths, and no moral knowledge.” (Pojman, 229)

Answer 18

Moral nihilism

Question 19

________ (those born between the
1980s and 1990s and sometimes
extended as far as the early 2000s)
comprise a significant number in our
country.

Answer 19

Millennials

Question 20

Your generation bore witness to the massive technological advances in society. Your proficiency and adaptability in using modern technology (your digital self) is one
of your distinct characteristics as
_______.

Answer 20

millennial

Question 21

_______ are generally hard to
describe since they manifest a wide
array of varied (and sometimes
contradictory) traits, behaviors, and
characteristics.

Answer 21

Filinnials

Question 22

A TIME magazine article in May 2013 labels them as “Me, Me, Me Generation” or “my, myself, and I” mentality because of their narcissistic or self-centered attitude. Other negative traits attributed to them include _____ and ____.

Answer 22

Filinnials

lazy and delusional

Question 23

Filinnials:

They are said to be __________, i.e., they don’t normally participate in ________. In addition, they are more focused on ________ and not concerned with helping the larger community.

Answer 23

politically disengaged
political affairs

material things

Question 24

On the positive side, they are regarded as more open-minded, educated,
knowledgeable, and more supportive of human rights.

Answer 24

Filinnials

Question 25

They are more socially
conscious and are eager to express their views on social issues online through various social media platforms.

Answer 25

Fillinnials

Question 26

Filinnials:

Moreover, they are known to be ______ about what the future brings because they are _____ and _____ to change.

Answer 26

optimistic

open and adaptive

Question 27

As discussed above, some of the dangers young people are facing right now are ______, ______, and what Pope Francis calls the “________”. All these doctrines assert that morality rests solely on the individual and certainly not on an ______.

Answer 27

ethical nihilism, ethical relativism,
“dictatorship of relativism”

objective value