module 6 definitions Flashcards
genotype
the genetic blueprint of an organism (alleles it has for a gene)
phenotype
the expression of genes in the environment
homozygous
a pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for a single gene
heterozygous
a pair of homologous chromosomes carrying two different alleles for a single gene
recessive allele
an allele only expressed if no dominant allele is present
co-dominant
both alleles that are equally dominant, and be expressed in the phenotype
autosomal linkage
genes that are located on the same chromosome (not sex-chromosome)
dominant allele
an allele that will always be expressed in phenotype
sex-linkage
a gene whose locus is on the X chromosome (sex chromosome)
epistasis
when one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a different locus
monohybrid
genetic inheritance cross of characteristics determined by one gene
dihybrid
genetic inheritance cross for a characteristics determined by two genes
gene pool
all the alleles of all the genes within a population at one time
population
all the individuals of one species in one area at one time
allele frequency
the proportion of an allele within the gene pool
definition of continuous variation
characteristic with continuous values
definition of discontinuous variation
characteristics with categorical values