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PP1 > Module 6 and 7 Drugs > Flashcards

Module 6 and 7 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs belong to adrenergic agonists?

A

epinephrine

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2
Q

What drugs belong to antihistamines?

A

diphenhydramine

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3
Q

What drugs belong to glucocorticoids

A

prednisone, cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprenisolne, betamethasone, dexamethasone

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4
Q

Cortisone and hydrocortisone are…

A

topical short acting

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5
Q

Prednisolone is used for

A

pediatric patients and intermediatae acting

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6
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

intermediate acting, IV push or IV drip

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7
Q

Betamethasone

A

long acting, pre-term labor to help the pre term infants lungs

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8
Q

Dexamethasone

A

long acting, given for inflammation of the brain, spine, and eyes

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9
Q

What drugs belong to penicillin?

A

penicillin G, v (narrow) , and amoxicillin (broad spectrum)

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10
Q

What is the first gen cephalosporin?

A

cephalexin; can be given PO

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11
Q

What is the second gen cephalosporin?

A

cefoxitin; iv/im only

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12
Q

What is the third gen cephalosporin?

A

cefotaxime; IM

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13
Q

What is the fourth gen cephalosporin?

A

cefepime; IM or IV

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14
Q

What is the fifth gen cephalosporin?

A

ceftaroline; IV only

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15
Q

What drugs belong to carbapenems?

A

imipenem

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16
Q

What drugs belong to tetracyclines?

A

tetracycline (short acting), doxycycline (long acting)

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17
Q

What drugs belong to macrolides?

A

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

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18
Q

What drugs belong to aminoglycosides?

A

gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin (eye ointment for newborns)

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19
Q

What drugs belong to sulfonamides?

A

trimethoprim (NOT A SULFONAMIDE but commonly given with it), sulfisoxazole, topical silver sulfadiazine (used for burns)

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20
Q

What drugs belong to fluroquinolones?

A

ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin

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21
Q

What does metronidazole primarily treat?

A

C.diff, gardnerella vaginalis (female genital infection), H. pylori associated with peptic ulcer disease; also brand name is flagyl

22
Q

What drugs belong to antifungals?

A

amphotericin B (drug of choice for sys fungal infections but is highly toxic), Azoles drugs, griseofulvin, nystatin,

23
Q

What drugs are in Azole?

A

fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, clortrimazole, and miconazole

24
Q

Griseofulvin

A

only used to treat superficial mycoses such as with fungal nail infection

25
Q

Nystatin

A

only used for candidiasis (yeast fungal inf) of skin, mouth, esophagus, and vagina; given orally or topically

26
Q

What drugs belong to Virs (antivirals)

A

acyclovir, ganciclovir, ribavirin, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir

27
Q

Ganciclovir

A

used for CMV (cytomegalovirus) infection

28
Q

Ribavirin

A

inhaled used for RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) in pediatrics and oral is used for hep C

29
Q

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir and Permivir are used for

A

influenza tx

30
Q

Calcitonin Salmon

A

for hypercalcemia; inhibits osteoclast activity and promotes renal excretion of calcium; do not take if hypersensitive to salmon or gelatin gluent or lactating; major SE malignancy

31
Q

Rolaxifene

A

selective estrogen receptor modulator; post menopausal osteoporosis; major SE CVA, thromboembolism, leg cramps hot flashes; do not lie still for long periods of time

32
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

decrease osteoclasts; major se- esophagus issues, musculoskeletal pain, ONJ; contrain in pregnancy and esophagus issues; take on empty stomach (ca iron mag antacids OJ and caffeine decrease absorption); be able to sit for at least 30 mins; includes alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronate

33
Q

Denosumab

A

inhibits osteoclast formation; major SE- ONJ, muscle pain, UTI hypercholesteremia, hypocalcemia, pancreatitis, dyspnea; contrain in hypocalcemia (correct before use), pregnancy and lactation

34
Q

Adrenergic Agonists

A

epi specifically: main tx for anaphylaxis, ( increases BP, bronchodilates, vasoconstricts), Major se- bronchospasms, arrythmias, hypertension, incrased HR, tremors, nervous; contrain in HTN, diabetes, arterosclerosis

35
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

nearly identical to the steroids produced by adrenal cortex; suppresses inflammation (pharm dose); maturation of fetal lungs, used for RA and lupus, major se- adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, cataracts, cushing
contrain- live virus vaccines, sys fungal inf, peds and preg; do not abruptly discontinue (taper), highly individualized dose,giver before 0900

36
Q

Sulfonamides

A

man made, broad spectrum, UTI is principal indication,T

37
Q

Trimethoprim

A

not a sulfonamide but commonly given with; UTI and otitis media (peds); se- pruritis, altered taste, n/v glossitis; contrain in folate deficiency, renal impair, preg; admin empty stomach

38
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

-acin drugs; pregnant women should not take; tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, hyperglycemia
Ciprofloxacin: CDAD, hepatotocivity, seizures, suicidal thoughts, contrain- aortic aneurysim, lactation, children, corticosteroids, transplant GT prolongation

39
Q

Metronidazole

A

brand name Fagyl; treats C. diff, H pylori peptic ulcer; Se- sjs, seizures, abd pain, n, HA; caution in hx of seizures, hepatic impair, corticosteroids, preg, lact; avoid alcohol

40
Q

Griseofulvin

A

antifunfal; various tinea inf (not used for ones that can be treated topically); SE- erythema multiforme, SJS TEN, hepatotoxicity; possible cross sensitivty with penicillin; give with meals high in fat content ; do not drink alcohol

41
Q

Acyclovir

A

antiviral; recurrent genital herpes, shingles, chickenpox, herpes simplex; SE- SJS, renal failure, seizures, HA, n/v/d; contrain- hypersensitivity to milk protein concentrate, preg, lact, geri, ; start asap after s/s appear

42
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

can cause serious damage to inner ears and kidneys; give parenterally
Gentamicin: SE- oto and nephrotoxicity, contrain- preg, renal impair, neonates, geri, neuromuscular dz

43
Q

Cephalosporins

A

usually not a first choice drug; broadest spectrum and greatest potency, caution use in penicillin allergy; can cause bleeding, avoid alcohol
SE- CDAD, seizures, rash, diarrhea,
Contrain- renal impair, GI dz, lactation

44
Q

Antihistamines

A

H1: mild allergy, motion sickness, insomnia, common cold ; vasodilates, increase capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, 1st gen has sedation; H2: gastric and duodenal ulcers
SE- sedation(1st gen), cns effects, n/v, constipation; anticholinergic effect
Contrain in 3rd trimester and lactation

45
Q

Vancomycin

A

primary tx for MRSA; SE- nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, DRESS, SJS, TEN,
Contrain- renal and hearing impairment; int obstruction/inflammation, preg lact
given parenterally EXCEPT for C.diff (must be given oral)

46
Q

Carbapenems

A

not active against MRSA; must be given parenterally;
Imipenem: extremely broad; SE- CDAD, seizures, n/v/d, rash
Contrain- cross sensitivty with penicillin/cephalosporins, seizure disorder, renal impair, lact, preg,; may decreased effectiveness of antiseizure drugs

47
Q

Penicllin

A

G and V are naturally occuring;
V: narrow; oral
G: parenteral, narrow
Amoxicillin: broad oral
SE- DRESS, SJS, CDAD, TEN, seizures, rash, n/v/d;
Contrain- severe renal impair, lactation, geri, preg,

48
Q

Fluconazole

A

SE- torsades de pointes, SJS, TEN, hepatotoxicity
Contrain- concurrent use of erythromycin (and others), pregnancy, renal impair, liver dz, heart dz, QT interval issues

49
Q

Tetracyclines

A

broad spectrum, resistance has emerged; Contrain- do not give to preg or children <8, those with renal impair, ca, milk, iron, mag and most antacids;
SE- tooth discoloration, bony growth retardation, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity
avoid giving at bed; give on empty stomach
treats acne too

50
Q

Macrolides

A

broad spectrum; FIRST choice for PERTUSSIS (whooping cough)
SE- n/v/d; epigastric pain, can prolong QT interval (Torsades De pointes), CDAD, arrythmias,
Contrain: long QT syndrome, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, HR <50, preg, geri

51
Q

Nystatin

A

ONLY used for candidiasis (yeast) infection of skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina
SE- SJS, contact dermatitis, n/v/d, stomach pain
Caution in denture wearers (soak in nystatin)
Admin suspension by placing 1/2 dose in each side of mouth

52
Q

Amphotericin B

A

HIGHLY TOXIC; drug of choice for sys fungal (life threatning)
SE- chest pain, hypotension, n/v/d, abd pain, nephrotoxic, chills, fever
Contrain- lactation, renal impair, electrolyte issues, leukocyte transfusion
Conventional lipid based formualtion are NOT interchangeable; monitor extremely closely

PP1 (5 decks)

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