Fluids Flashcards
Isotonic Crystalloids
primarly used for hydration and to expand ECF volume; freely move across cappillary walls in and out of cells
Examples of Isotonic Crystalloids
0.9 NS, Lactated Ringers (LR), dextrose 5% in water (D5W) ( but this one is extra)
What is 0.9% NS used for?
shock resuscitation, fluid challenges, metabolic alkalosis, with blood tranfusions, hyponatremia, DKA
What are the cautions with 0.9 NS?
use caution with patients with HF, edema or hypernatremia; can lead to fluid overlaod
What is Lactated Ringers used for?
dehydration, burns, GI tract fluid loss, acute blood loss, hypovolemia
Cautions with LR
contains K and can cause hyperkalemia in renal pt; do not use with pt with liver dx becuase it contains lactate which is metabolized by the liver
What is D5W used for?
fluid loss dehydration, hypernatremia, hypoglycemia, insulin shock, nutritional support; DO NOT use for resuscitation ( more of a maintenance fluid)
Cautions with D5W
solution becomes hypotonic when metabolized; avoid in hyponatremia and hypokalemia; caution wiht renal pt
Hypotonic Crystalloids
allows water to move into the cell;
What can excessive infusion of hypotonic crystalloids cause?
may cause hemolysis, decreased blood pressure, and decreased IVF volume
What are hypotonic crystalloids used for?
maintenance fluids, HHNKS, DKA
What are examples of hypotonic crystalloids?
0.45% (1/2) NS, 0.11% NS, and D%W (once the body has converted the glucose)
Hypertonic Crystalloids
exert greater osmotic pressure than the ECF + higher solute concentration than the serum; pt must be monitored carefully for signs of circulatory fluid overload
Examples of Hypertonic Crystalloids
D5NS, D5 1/2 NS, D5 LR and 3% NS
3% Normal Saline
used in SEVERE hyponatremia , used with patients with increased intracranial and intraocular pressure; DO NOT give with anything else
