Module 6 & 7

Question 1

Define molecule

Answer 1

A group of atoms bonded together (H2O is a water molecule)

Question 2

Define compound

Answer 2

Pure substance formed when 2 or more elements combine

Question 3

Define ion

Answer 3

An atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons

Question 4

What is the chemical formula?

Answer 4

Reactants to products

Question 5

What is a structural formula?

Answer 5

The graphic representation of the molecular structure, shows chemical bonding within mole

Question 6

Define covalent bond

Answer 6

Strongest bond, forms when electrons are shared

Question 7

Define ionic bond

Answer 7

Formed between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

Question 8

Define hydrogen bond

Answer 8

Forms between a hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom (oxygen, chlorine, or fluorine) or group

Question 9

What are valence electrons?

Answer 9

Electrons in the outermost energy level

Question 10

The atomic number (top number) = the number of ?

Answer 10

? = protons

Question 11

The atomic weight/atomic mass (bottom number) = the number of ? + ?

Answer 11

? = protons + neutrons

Question 12

The number of neutrons = ? - ?

Answer 12

? = atomic mass - atomic number

Question 13

The number of electrons = ?

Answer 13

? = number of protons

Question 14

What are the indicators of a chemical reaction?

Answer 14

Change of color, formation of gas, formation of a precipitate, change in temperature, odor emitted

Question 15

What is a catalyst?

Answer 15

A substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 16

What are the characteristics of enzymes?

Answer 16

They are proteins, biological catalyst, affected by temperature and pH, contain active site where substrate binds

Question 17

What is a neutralization reaction?

Answer 17

Chemical reaction were an acid and a base react with each other and neutralize each other

Question 18

Are acids on the left side or the right of the pH scale?

Answer 18

The left side.

Question 19

What does an acid release when dissolved in water?

Answer 19

Hydrogen ions
H+

Question 20

What does a base release when dissolved in water?

Answer 20

Hydroxide ions
OH-

Question 21

Why is water a good solvent?

Answer 21

Water molecules have polar arrangement of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, one side with negative charge on one side with positive charge.

Question 22

Cohesion versus adhesion

Answer 22

Cohesion – attraction between molecules/atoms of the same substance
Adhesion – attraction between molecules of different chemical substances

Question 23

What elements are present in carbohydrates?

Answer 23

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; contain monosaccharides which are the simplest form of sugar

Question 24

What elements are present in lipids?

Answer 24

Carbon and hydrogen; One glycerol molecule, and at least one fatty acid

Question 25

What elements are present in proteins?

Answer 25

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur; amino acids with one central carbon atom covalently bonded with four groups

Question 26

What elements are present in nucleic acids?

Answer 26

DNA and RNA; A sugar, a phosphate and a base

Question 27

What is a function of a carbohydrate?

Answer 27

Energy sources, provide support in cell walls

Question 28

What’s a function of a lipid?

Answer 28

Make up fats oils, and waxes; store, energy, absorb vitamins, and make hormones

Question 29

What’s a function of a protein?

Answer 29

Make up 15% of body, build muscles and bones, make hormones and enzymes, and are an energy source

Question 30

What is a function of a nucleic acid?

Answer 30

Store genetic info for living organisms, code amino acid sequences

Question 31

What are hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis?

Answer 31

Hydrolysis – breaks bonds of polymers by the addition of water Dehydration synthesis – removal of water to bind monomers together to form a polymer (or dimer)

Question 32

What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 32

Saturated fats – lipids with tail chains with only single bonds between carbon atoms Unsaturated fats – lipids that have at least one double bound between carbon atoms in a tail chain that can accommodate at least one hydrogen

Question 33

What are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 33

Made from nucleotides, each containing a five carbon sugar back bone, phosphate group, and nitrogen base

Question 34

What organelles do only plant cells have?

Answer 34

Vacuoles (mostly), chloroplast, cell wall

Question 35

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 35

Make proteins for the cytoplasm

Question 36

What does a cell membrane do?

Answer 36

Regulates transport of materials in and out of the cell

Question 37

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 37

Produces ribosomes

Question 38

What centrioles do?

Answer 38

Play a role in cell division in the cytoplasm

Question 39

What does smooth ER do?

Answer 39

Provides membrane surface where carbohydrates and lipids are synthesized

Question 40

What does rough ER do?

Answer 40

Has attached ribosomes which produce proteins

Question 41

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Answer 41

Modifies, sorts and packages proteins into sacks called vesicles

Question 42

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 42

Digest worn out organelles and food particles, digest, bacteria, and viruses

Question 43

What do vacuoles do?

Answer 43

Store, food, enzymes, and other materials and also store waste products