Module 6, 7

Question 1

Refers to the information backbone of the site; navigation refers to those elements in the UI that allow users to reach specific information on the site.

Answer 1

IA Information Architecture

Question 2

A website’s (or intranet’s) information architecture has two main components:

Answer 2

•Identification and definition of site content and functionality
•The underlying organization, structure, and nomenclature that define the relationships between a site’s content/functionality

Question 3

Key elements of information architecture include:(4)

Answer 3

Organization Systems
Navigation Systems
Labeling Systems
Search Systems

Question 4

How content is grouped and categorized (e.g., by topic, task, or audience).

Answer 4

Organization Systems

Question 5

How users browse or move through the content (e.g., menus, search bars, links).

Answer 5

Navigation Systems

Question 6

How content is named and represented to users

Answer 6

Labeling Systems

Question 7

How users find content via search functions

Answer 7

Search Systems

Question 8

The activities undertaken in defining an information architecture involve? (5)

Answer 8

Content inventory
Content audit
Information grouping
Taxonomy development
Descriptive information creation

Question 9

Examination of a website to locate and identify existing site content

Answer 9

Content inventory

Question 10

Evaluation of content usefulness, accuracy, tone of voice, and overall effectiveness

Answer 10

Content audit

Question 11

Definition of user-centered relationships between content

Answer 11

Information grouping

Question 12

Definition of a standardized naming convention (controlled vocabulary) to apply to all site content. how information is grouped, classified, and labeled within a shared information environment.

Answer 12

Taxonomy development

Question 13

Definition of useful metadata that can be utilized to generate “Related Link” lists or other navigation components that aid discovery

Answer 13

Descriptive information creation

Question 14

A collection of user interface components. The primary goal of navigation is to help users find information and functionality and encourage them to take desirable actions.

Answer 14

Website’s Navigation

Question 15

Navigation components include (6)

Answer 15

Global navigation
Local navigation
Utility navigation
Breadcrumb trail
Related links
Fat footers

Question 16

Found at the top of the page, this area typically includes links to help users access tools like login, search, language selection, or user settings. It’s less about content navigation and more about site-wide features.

Answer 16

Utility Navigation

Question 17

This includes the primary navigation menu, often a bar or set of links that guide users to the main sections of the website (e.g., Home, About, Products, Services). It appears on every page of the site and provides access to core content.

Answer 17

Global Navigation

Question 18

It provides navigational aid, showing the path users took to arrive at the current page. It typically appears near the top of the page and helps users understand their location within the site’s hierarchy.

Answer 18

Breadcrumb Trail

Question 19

Specific to the current section or page, this allows users to move between related content. For instance, within a product section, it might let users navigate between different products or subcategories.

Answer 19

Local Navigation

Question 20

This area suggests additional content that is relevant to the current page. These links could point to articles, blog posts, or other resources that are contextually related to the user’s current view.

Answer 20

Related Links (Articles/Blog Posts)

Question 21

It refers to a larger-than-usual footer at the bottom of the page. It typically includes a site map, contact information, social media links, and sometimes links to important pages like Terms of Service or Privacy Policy. It’s often used to provide additional navigational tools and site-wide information.

Answer 21

Fat Footer

Question 22

For each navigation component, a series of decisions must be made:

Answer 22

Usage Priority
Placement
Pattern

Question 23

How much will users rely on this navigation component? For example, will users primarily navigate the site using local navigation? Or are they likely to more heavily rely on related links?

Answer 23

Usage Priority

Question 24

On which pages should it be present? Where should it be placed within the page layout grid (e.g., top, left, right, bottom)?

Answer 24

Placement

Question 25

Which navigation design patterns best support findability and discoverability — tabs, megamenus, carousels, accordions, and so on.

Answer 25

Pattern

Question 26

These are an important set of ideas for any designer to learn and their implementation can greatly improve the aesthetics of a design as well as its functionality and user-friendliness.

Answer 26

Gestalt Principles

Question 27

Gestalt Principles (7)

Answer 27

Figure-ground
Similarity
Proximity
Common Region
Continuity
Closure
Focal point

Question 28

Principle states that people instinctively perceive objects as either being in the foreground or the background. They either stand out prominently in the front (the figure) or recede into the back (the ground).

Answer 28

Figure-ground

Question 29

Principle states that when things appear to be similar to each other, we group them together. And we also tend to think they have the same function.

Answer 29

Similarity

Question 30

Principle states that things that are close together appear to be more related than things that are spaced farther apart.

Answer 30

Proximity

Question 31

This principle is highly related to proximity. It states that when objects are located within the same closed region, we perceive them as being grouped together.

Answer 31

Common Region

Question 32

Principle states that elements that are arranged on a line or curve are perceived to be more related than elements not on the line or curve.

Answer 32

Continuity

Question 33

Principle of closure states that when we look at a complex arrangement of visual elements, we tend to look for a single, recognizable pattern.

Answer 33

Closure

Question 34

Principle states that whatever stands out visually will capture and hold the viewer’s attention first.

Answer 34

Focal point

Question 35

Refers to making websites, apps, and other digital content usable by all users, regardless of innate ability. According to the W3C, web _____ “means that websites, tools, and technologies are designed and developed so that people with disabilities can use them.” It is discussed in reference to users with disabilities, but _____ can benefit all users by making things simpler and more intuitive.

Answer 35

Accessibility

Question 36

Refers to designing digital environments so they can be used by as many people as possible. Adobe defines __ as design “that considers the full range of human diversity with respect to ability, language, culture, gender, age and other forms of human difference.” It is discussed in broader strokes around diversity and inclusion __ goals.

Answer 36

Inclusive design (ID)

Question 37

KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACCESSIBILITY AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN

Answer 37

1. Accessibility is a goal; inclusive design is a way to get there.
2. Accessibility is (largely) standardized.
3. Accessibility supports users with disabilities; inclusive design focuses on more broad inclusivity (e.g., language, diverse circumstances).
4. Accessibility is one of many outcomes of inclusive design.