Module 6-7 Flashcards
Everything nongenetic influence from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
Environment
The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
Molecular genetics
The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
Behavior genetics
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Chromosomes
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
Genes
The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosomes
Genome
Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
Identical twins
Twins who developed from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers or sisters, but they share a fetal environment
Fraternal twins
The inner area of a cell that houses chromosomes and genes
Nucleus
The basic structural unit of a living thing
Cell
A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Temperament
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.
Heritability
In psychology, occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).
Interaction
The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection
Evolutionary psychology
The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Natural selection
A random error in gene replication that leads to a change
Mutation
In psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
Gender
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Culture
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.”proper” behavior
Norm
The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
Personal space
Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Individualism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often ones extended family or workgroup) and defining one’s identity accordingly
Collectivism
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
Aggression
The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. I’m at chromosome from each parent produces a female child
X chromosome
The sex chromosome found only in males
Y chromosome
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional amount in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
Testosterone
A set of expectations about a social position defining how those in the position ought to behave
Role
A set of expected behaviors for males and for females
Gender role
One’s sense of being male or female
Gender identity
The acquisition of the traditional masculine or feminine role
Gender typing
The theory that we learned social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
Social learning theory
The theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they just their behaviors accordingly
Gender schema theory
