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Bio 121 Exam > Module 6,7 > Flashcards

Module 6,7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions among organisms and environment that determines distribution and abundance

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2
Q

Human influences on biodiversity

A
  • habitat destruction
  • invasive species
  • climatic change
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3
Q

Biodiversity

A

Measure of variety of life

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4
Q

3 levels of biodiversity

A

1) ecosystem diversity
2) species diversity
3) genetic diversity

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5
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

Describes variety of habitats present

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6
Q

Species diversity

A

Measure of # of species and # individuals of each species present

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7
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Total amount of genetic variability present

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8
Q

Why do we not know exact # species

A
  • biased counts (areas of study)
  • habitat type may be difficult
  • small size complicates detection
  • ambiguities in classification
  • discovery new species
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9
Q

Pink land iguana

CONOLOPHUS SUBSCRISTATUS

A
  • remote area

- Unseen until 1986

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10
Q

Species are not equally distributed around the world

A

True

Ex. # reptile species

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11
Q

Biodiversity hotspots

A
  • Areas rich in endemic species

- significant reservoir under threat from humans

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12
Q

hotspots

A
  • 34
  • 2.3% earths surface
  • 150,000 endemic plant species
  • 5000 species vascular plants
  • 1200 species vertebrates
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13
Q

Most species are not found everywhere

A

True
Ex. Richardsons ground squirrel
UROCITELLUS RICHARDSONII

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14
Q

Terrestrial environment: abiotic factors influencing species distribution…

A
  • temperature
  • precipitation
  • sunlight
  • wind
  • latitude
  • altitude
  • soil
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15
Q

Aquatic environment: abiotic factors influencing species distribution…

A
  • water temp
  • light penetration
  • dissolved nutrient concentrations
  • water currents
  • salinity
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16
Q

Species optimal range

A

Each species functions best over a limited part of full range

17
Q

Temperature- influence on species distributions

A

-most important factor due to effects on biological processes and inability of most organisms to regulate body temperature

18
Q

Endotherm

A

Organism that generates its own internal heat (mammals and birds)

19
Q

Ectotherms

A

Body temperature tends to conform to outside environment in absence of behavioural adaptation (snakes)

20
Q

Sleepy lizard

TILIQUA RUGOSA

A
  • Australia grasslands
  • only active spring/ early summer
  • optimal body temp 25-36*
  • unable to survive internal temp more than a few degrees above metabolic optimum
21
Q

Metabolic optimum

A

Optimum body temp to survive

22
Q

Coral temperature sensitivity

A

-sensitive to highs and lows
-shell formation and coral deposition accelerated at high temp but suppressed at low
-

23
Q

Frost

A

Limits geographical distribution of tropical and subtropical plants
Ex. Saguaro cacti in Arizona

24
Q

Saguaro cacti

A
  • distribution limited to areas that do not remain below freezing more than one night
  • die if freezing for 36 hrs
  • cells rupture if water freezes
25
Q

Eastern phoebe

SAYORNIS PHOEBE

A
  • breeds in southwestern Yukon, northeastern BC, to Nova Scotia
  • further south in winter
  • cold temp = high metabolic costs
  • below -4 cannot feed fast enough to keep warm
26
Q

Vampire bats

DESMODUS ROTUNDUS

A
  • central Mexico to northern Argentina
  • poor thermoregulation
  • limited to areas avg min temp above 10* in January
27
Q

Coral (cnidarians)

A

Compact colonies of many individual polyps

28
Q

Great Barrier Reef

A
  • coral sea of Queensland Australia
  • worlds largest coral reef system
  • over 2900 reefs and 900 islands
  • stretch over 2300 km
  • 344,400 km area
  • suffering coral bleaching from high ocean temp 2 years after mass bleaching event
29
Q

Coral bleaching

A
  • when corals are stressed from changes environment conditions
  • expel symbiotic algae in tissue = white

Bio 121 Exam (5 decks)

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