Module 6

Question 1

C3

Answer 1

Disadvantages
- in dry environments when stomata closes ti reduce water loss, o2 builds up and rubisco adds o2 instead to co2 and leads to photorespiratoon producing no sugar or atp

Question 2

c4 pathway

Answer 2

1. co2 enters the mesopyll
2. pep carboxylase fixate it to oxaloacetate $C
3. oaa is transported to bundle sheath cells and decarboxylated releasing co2
4. co2 binds to rubisco and covnerted to 3-pga
5. pga returns to mesphyll cells and photosynthesis occrus

Question 3

cam pathway

Answer 3

1. at night stomata opens and uptake of c02
2. oxaloacetate is fixed by pepc
3. co2 is stored as c4 acids in vacuole
4. during the day decarboxylation occurs relasing co2
5. rubisco foxes co2

Question 4

pattern recognition receptors

Answer 4

4 types

Question 5

1. tumor suppressor genes

Answer 5

• involved in cell cycle control and dna damage
• ## recessive mutation where mutation can occur in one copy of tumor suppressor gene and cause no effects until both are mutated, causing complete loss of the gene

Question 6

2. pro-oncogene

Answer 6

• stimulate cell growth and inhibit cell death
  -dominant
• where one acitvation leads to the cascade of activation of other genes and can occur in any step of the pathway
• cen be prevention of apoptosis or
• mutations have to have accumulated across many genes for it to be oncogenic