module 6

Question 1

which groups are activating?

Answer 1

OH, NH2, Cl, Br. they direct the second substituent to carbon 2 or 4

Question 2

which group is deactivating?

Answer 2

NO2. it directs the second substituent to carbon 3

Question 3

what is formed by the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

Answer 3

alcohols

Question 4

how is Brady’s reagent used to test for carbonyl groups?

Answer 4

Brady’s reagent is dissolved in methanol, 2,4-DNP, sulfuric acid to form a pale orange solution

Question 5

what do all carboxylic acid derivatives have in common?

Answer 5

an acyl group

Question 6

how are acyl chlorides formed?

Answer 6

carboxylic acid and SOCl2 –> SO2 and HCl gas and an acyl chloride

Question 7

why are acyl chlorides useful?

Answer 7

they are very reactive, form carboxylic acid derivatives with good yields.

Question 8

how does excess ammonia react with an amine

Answer 8

the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom allow ammonia to act as a nucleophile with the haloalkane, producing an ammonium salt. ethanol is used as a solvent. aqueous alkali is added to generate the amine from the salt