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Site Reclamation > Module 6-10 > Flashcards

Module 6-10 Flashcards

1
Q

The first level of assessment at a contaminated site is:

a. A comparison against generic criteria
b. Adjustment to generic criteria to ensure the site is adequately assessed
c. A site specific risk assessment
d. None of the above

A

a. A comparison against generic criteria

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2
Q

Site Specific risk assessment is ________ in Canada.

a. The most commonly-conducted form of assessment
b. Used about 1/2 the time
c. Conducted relatively rarely
d. None of the above

A

c. Conducted relatively rarely

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3
Q

Why is land use an important consideration in site assessment?

a. It significantly affects the assumptions made in the development of generic criteria
b. It helps identify the likely receptors found on the site
c. It affects the exposure assumptions made in the development of generic criteria
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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4
Q

A daycare center would be classified as:

a. Residential Land Use
b. Commercial Land Use
c. Playground Land Use
d. None of the above

A

B. commercial and use

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5
Q

The Tier I guideline for hexavalent chromium is ______ for total chromium

a. Much lower then the guideline
b. About the same as the guideline
c. Much higher then the guideline
d. None of the above

A

a. Much lower then the guideline

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6
Q

Adsorption of chromium is affected by which metal, which can also cause the reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium?

a. Iron
b. Lead
c. Mercury
d. Silver

A

a. Iron

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7
Q

The most toxic form of mercury, which also tends to biomagnify is:

a. Trivalent Mercury
b. Methyl mercury
c. Hexavalent mercury
d. none of the above

A

b. Methyl mercury

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8
Q

Cadmium adsorption to soil particles tends to _____ with increasing soil pH

a. increase by about 3 times per unit
b. Decrease by about 3 times per unit
c. Precipitate out of the soil solution
d. None of the above

A

a. increase by about 3 times per unit

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9
Q

Lead does not usually cause a serious problem in soils because:

a. Lead is not really toxic to humans
b. Lead forms stable complexes with most soil mineral particles
c. It has a high affinity for soil organic matter
d. None of the above

A

c. It has a high affinity for soil organic matter

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10
Q

A very stable form of lead found to be immobile in the environment, is formed between lead and:

a. Potassium
b. Phosphate
c. Calcium
d. None of the above

A

b. Phosphate

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11
Q

Generally, zinc toxicity is of greatest concern for:

a. Humans
b. Wildlife
c. Plants
d. None of the above

A

c. Plants

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12
Q

The presence of _________ in soils maintains zinc in a mobile form.

A

EDTA

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13
Q

Thermal Soil decontamination:

a. Combusts volatile contaminants but also the organic content of soils leaving only mineral particles
b. Adds heat to allow volatile contaminants to vapourize
c. Is not recommended in Alberta
d. None of the above

A

b. Adds heat to allow volatile contaminants to vapourize

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14
Q

Containment is used to:

a. Prevent the migration of contaminants into groundwater
b. Prevent the migration of contaminated gases into the atmosphere or nearby buildings
c. Prevent the migration of contaminants through the food chain
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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15
Q

Treatment:

a. Relies on air and water to transport contaminants
b. Can be used in-situ or ex-situ
c. Sometimes uses naturally occurring micro-organisms to break down contaminants
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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16
Q

Phytoremediation is a technique that uses ______:

a. Plants to remove contaminants from the subsurface
b. Chemicals to neutralize contaminants from the subsurface
c. Concrete to contain contaminants in the subsurface
d. All the above

A

a. Plants to remove contaminants from the subsurface

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17
Q

A term used for the technique that uses plants to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of contaminants is….

A

Phytostabilization

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18
Q

A term used for the technique that uses plants to extract and release contaminants into the atmosphere is….

A

Phytovolitilization

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19
Q

Plants suitable for phytoextraction should have which of the following characteristics:

a. They must have the ability to survive in contaminated soils
b. They must be able to extract contaminants relatively quickly
c. They must store the contaminants in the physical structure of the plant
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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20
Q

One plant that has been shown to reduce lead concentration is soils is:

a. Tobacco
b. Alpine pennycress
c. vetiver grass
d. Indian mustard

A

d. Indian mustard

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21
Q

The most important mechanism for plant uptake of contaminants is:

a. Through soil vapours
b. Direct passage of contaminants from soil particles into the plant
c. In solution
d. None of the above

A

c. In solution

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22
Q

Plants that move metals into their physical structures relatively quickly are called:

a. Hyper-accumulators
b. Phytoaccumulators
c. Fast plants
d. None of the above

A

a. Hyper-accumulators

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23
Q

A plant with thorns is likely to be used for:

a. Phytoextraction
b. Phytostabilization
c. Phytovolatilization
d. None of the above

A

b. Phytostabilization

24
Q

A plant modified to take up methylmercury and release elemental mercury is the:

a. Tobacco plant
b. Alpine pennycress
c. Vetiver grass
d. Indian mustard

A

a. Tobacco plant

25
Q

A major disadvantage of phytoremediation is:

a. It can be very time consuming, taking as many as 18 growing seasons
b. Many of the plants suitable for phytoremediation have not yet been identified
c. It may not be useful for sites with high concentrations of contaminants
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

26
Q

Name the different types of mechanical remediation techniques (9)

A

Pump and treat, permeable reactive barriers, soil vapour extraction, air sparging, and in-situ bioremediation. Others include funnel and gate, soil washing, solidification and stabilization, and SST insitu or ex situ.

27
Q

The pump and treat method is highly effective when:

a. Contaminants are highly soluble
b. Underground soil conditions are highly permeable
c. it is used to intercept contaminants
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

28
Q

A major obstacle to the implementation of permeable barrier systems is:

a. The ongoing maintenance and operation costs are very high
b. The initial investment cost is often very high
c. They are not very effective for metals
d. None of the above

A

b. The initial investment cost is often very high

29
Q

What is the difference between air sparging and soil vapour extraction?

A

Air sparging is used to remove volatiles from the saturated zone whereas soil vapour extraction is used to remove volatiles from the unsaturated zone

30
Q

The remediation method that provides nutrients and oxygen to allow micro-organisms to break down contaminants is called:

A

in situ bioremediation

31
Q

The funnel and gate system is a form of:

a. pump and treat
b. permeable reactive barrier
c. Solidification
d. Stabilization

A

b. permeable reactive barrier

32
Q

The solvent used in soil washing is usually

a. Perchloroethylene
b. Tetrachloroethylene
c. Compressed air
d. Water

A

d. Water

33
Q

Solidification and Stabilization are used to:

a. Reduce the mobility of contaminants through soil gas
b. Reduce the mobility of contaminants through soil water
c. Reduce the mobility of contaminants through the food chain
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

34
Q

The most common type of stabilizing material is:

a. Fly Ash
b. Phosphates
c. Cement
d. Clay

A

c. cement

35
Q

The remediation work at the Sydney Tar Ponds is an example of:

a. Pump and treat
b. Solidification/Stabilization
c. Permeable Reactive barriers
d. None of the above

A

b. Solidification/Stabilization

36
Q

Which of the following are contaminants that may be found at oil and gas well sites?

a. Fuels
b. Heavy metals
c. Salt water
d. All the above

A

d. all the above

37
Q

Drilling fluid is used for which of the following purposes:

a. To lubricate the drill bit
b. To carry cuttings back to the surface
c. To provide lubrication between the drill string and the well bore
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

38
Q

Bacteriocides, such as formaldehyde, are used in drilling fluid to prevent:

a. Animals from drinking the fluid stored on the well site
b. The excessive growth and reproduction of hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria
c. The movement of harmful bacteria from deep in the wellbore to the surface
d. All the above

A

b. The excessive growth and reproduction of hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria

39
Q

Land that is being used, has been used or held for the construction, operation, or reclamation of a wellsite, battery, and oil production site, a pipeline, a remote sump, or for land treatment is called:

A

Specified Land

40
Q

According to Alberta Environment, to recieve a reclamation certificate for the drilling waste disposal area:

a. a Phase II ESA must be conducted
b. a Phase I ESA (Compliance option 1 or 2) is sufficient if all the necessary ERCB regulations were followed
c. a Phase I is all that is needed
d. None of the above

A

b. a Phase I ESA (Compliance option 1 or 2) is sufficient if all the necessary ERCB regulations were followed

41
Q

A Phase II ESA involves:

a. the Development of a sampling plan
b. the Execution of an investigation which includes sampling
c. the Interpretation of the information obtained
d. all the above

A

d. all the above

42
Q

The Drilling waste disposal method where drilling waste is mixed with subsoils to form a stable waste/soil mass below the rooting zone is called:

a. Land Spreading
b. Mix bury and cover
c. Subsurface disposal
d. none of the above

A

b. Mix bury and cover

43
Q

The Pump off disposal method is restricted to:

a. Only clear liquids with a pH between 5.5 and 8.5
b. hydrocarbon based fluids
c. Clear fluids with a pH above 8.5
d. All the above

A

a. Only clear liquids with a pH between 5.5 and 8.5

44
Q

To which drilling fluid system is landspray while drilling restricted?

a. Hydrocarbon based fluids
b. Any water based fluids
c. Freshwater gel-chem fluids
d. none of the above

A

d. none of the above

45
Q

Which is the following are examples of approved waste management facilities?

a. Thermal treatment units
b. Class I disposal wells
c. approved waste processing facilities
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

46
Q

How does the ERCB ensure that operators comply with ERCB requirements?

a. It conducts waste audits
b. it relies on workers to report wrongdoing
c. it relies on citizens to report contaminants in their drilling water
d. none of the above

A

a. It conducts waste audits

47
Q

Assume that you are working for a drilling company that is planning to dispose of drilling waste using the landspray method. Prior to disposal, the waste was stored in a sump that was 15m x 20m.
How many samples should be collected to do a toxicity test on the drilling waste prior to disposal
a. 1
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10

A

b. 5

48
Q

Assume that you are working for a drilling company that is planning to dispose of drilling waste using the landspray method. Prior to disposal, the waste was stored in a sump that was 15m x 20m.
Where should these samples be taken?
a. From soils around the sump to determine whether the waste has migrated
b. At representative locations anywhere in the sump
c. At representative locations at least 1m from the edge of the sump
d. none of the above

A

c. At representative locations at least 1m from the edge of the sump

49
Q

Assume that you are working for a drilling company that is planning to dispose of drilling waste using the landspray method. Prior to disposal, the waste was stored in a sump that was 15m x 20m.
If the EC50(15) for a drilling fluid is 65, what is the toxicity ranking for the drilling fluid?
a. Slightly toxic but you can still use the landspray method
b. non toxic and you can use the landspray method
c. toxic and you cannot use the landspray method
d. None of the above

A

c. toxic and you cannot use the landspray method

50
Q

Assume that you are working for a drilling company that is planning to dispose of drilling waste using the landspray method. Prior to disposal, the waste was stored in a sump that was 15m x 20m.
Which of the following are additional requirements is the plan was to dispose of the fluid using the landspray-while drilling disposal method?
a. The material must be hydrocarbon based
b. The drilling waste must be a freshwater gel-chem system
c. The drilling material can contain only clear liquids
d. none of the above

A

b. The drilling waste must be a freshwater gel-chem system

51
Q

You are working for a production company and you are seeking a reclamation certificate for an oil well that is 40 yrs old. You cannot complete Compliance Option 1 or 2 due to a lack of records so you must complete a Phase II for the drilling waste disposal area. You know that the well depth was 2200m and that a water based mud system was used. Drilling waste was disposed in a sump 20m x 30m.
Do you need to do an Intrusive investigation?

A

Yes, a Phase II is required and a Phase II requires sampling

52
Q

You are working for a production company and you are seeking a reclamation certificate for an oil well that is 40 yrs old. You cannot complete Compliance Option 1 or 2 due to a lack of records so you must complete a Phase II for the drilling waste disposal area. You know that the well depth was 2200m and that a water based mud system was used. Drilling waste was disposed in a sump 20m x 30m.
If samples are required, how many should be taken?

A

At least 4

53
Q

You are working for a production company and you are seeking a reclamation certificate for an oil well that is 40 yrs old. You cannot complete Compliance Option 1 or 2 due to a lack of records so you must complete a Phase II for the drilling waste disposal area. You know that the well depth was 2200m and that a water based mud system was used. Drilling waste was disposed in a sump 20m x 30m.
Which of the following would the samples NOT be analyzed for?
a. Trace elements
b. Electrical Conductivity
c. Sodium adsorption ratio
d. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
e. the samples would be analyzed for all the above

A

e. the samples would be analyzed for all the above

54
Q

A drilling fluid where the EC50(15) is equal to 90 is _________ than a fluid where the EC50(15) is equal to 10.

a. less toxic
b. more toxic
c. EC50(15) cannot be used to assess toxicity, only light emission
d. None of the above

A

a. less toxic

55
Q

When conducting an analysis under Compliance Option 3, multiple site samples should be:

a. combined together to arrive at average contaminant values for the site
b. analyzed separately
c. combined together to get average contaminant values for the borehole, but each borehole should be analyzed seperately
d. None of the above

A

b. analyzed separately

56
Q

In Alberta, is assessing a drilling waste disposal area under Compliance Option 3, you will compare contamination levels from the site against:

a. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment guidelines
b. Alberta Tier 1 Guidelines
c. Environment Canada Tier I guidelines
d. All of the above

A

b. Alberta Tier 1 Guidelines

57
Q

What does NPOC mean?

A

Non-purgable organic carbon

Site Reclamation (2 decks)

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