Module 5.2 Excavators

Question 1

Excavator (diggers, track hoes, crawlers)

Answer 1

STANDARD HOE

FRONT SHOVEL

TELESCOPING BOOM

Question 2

Excavators (3 running systems)

Answer 2

TRACKED

WHEELED

TRUCK - MOUNTED

Question 3

Primary machine applications (Telescoping Boom)

Answer 3

DITCH CUTTING, SHAPING & CLEANING

SIDE SLOPING

FINISH GRADING

PLACING RIPRAP

RIPPING PAVEMENT

Question 4

Considerations when choosing Hydraulic Excavator

Answer 4

SIZE AND CAPACITY

TRACTION CAPABILITIES

THE MEANS OF LOCOMOTION

MANEUVERABILITY

STABILITY

WORK SITE CONDITIONS

Question 5

Truck-Mounted Excavator

Answer 5

FLAT, STABLE SURFACES

SEPARATE ENGINES & CABS

360 DEGREES ROTATION AFFECTED BY TRUCK CAB

CAN TRAVEL ON ROADS

Question 6

Wheeled Excavator

Answer 6

STABLE, BUT ROUGHER TERRAIN

REQUIRES OUTRIGGERS FOR STABILITY

CAN ROTATE 360 DEGREES

CAN TRAVEL ON ROADS (SLOW SPEEDS)

Question 7

Track - Mounted Excavator

Answer 7

MOST COMMON EXCAVATOR

ROUGH TO VERY ROUGH TERRAIN

CAN ROTATE 360 DEGREES

HAS TO BE TRANSPORTED ON TRAILER

Question 8

Track - Mounted Excavator

Answer 8

FLOTATION

TRACTION

MANEUVERABILITY

SEVERE SOIL CONDITIONS

FASTER DIGGING

Question 9

Wheel-mounted excavator

Answer 9

MOBILITY AND SPEED

LESS PAVEMENT DAMAGE

BETTER STABILITY WITH OUTRIGGERS

LEVELLING MACHINE WITH OUTRIGGERS

USABLE FOR BACKFILLING & REPOSITIONING TRENCH BOXES

Question 10

Excavator Sizes

Answer 10

MICRO MACHINES

COMPACT MACHINES

Question 11

When choosing an excavator for your projects, assess:

Answer 11

VOLUME OF WORK - DRAWINGS

TYPE OF WORK - SPECIFICATIONS

DURATION OF WORK - SCHEDULE

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS - CONSULTANT REPORTS

Question 12

Excavator machine parts

Answer 12

DRIVING BASE

UNDERCARRIAGE

DIGGING SYSTEM

Question 13

Excavator Driving Bases

Answer 13

OPERATORS CAB

ENGINE

COUNTERWEIGHT

Question 14

Undercarriage

Answer 14

TRACKS

TRACK FRAME

MOTOR & GEARS TO DRIVE TRACKS

Question 15

Digging system

Answer 15

BOOM

STICK

BUCKET

HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
- LIFT CYLINDERS
- STICK CYLINDERS
- BUCKET CYLINDERS

Question 16

Maximize production: Match the blade to the work & the machine

Answer 16

EXCAVATING BUCKET

MASS EXCAVATION BUCKET

TRENCHING BUCKET

CLEAN - UP BUCKET

Question 17

Excavator attachments

Answer 17

RIPPERS

GRADING BLADES

GRAPPLES

THUMBS

DEMO SHEERS

PILE DRIVERS

HYDRAULIC BREAKERS

CUTTER HEADS

BOOM EXTENSIONS

Question 18

Excavator - Machine Standards

Answer 18

EXCAVATOR HYDRAULICS

FRONT SHOVELS

HOES

Question 19

Excavator hydraulics

Answer 19

ALL MOVEMENT AND FUNCTIONS OF AN EXCAVATOR ARE THROUGH THE USE OF THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

THIS SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR THE FLUID, CONTROLLED MOTION OF THE BOOM & STICK.

THE BENEFITS OF THE HYDRAULICS OPERATING SYSTEM ARE
FASTER CYCLE TIME
PRECISE CONTROL OF ATTACHMENTS

Question 20

Front Shovels

Answer 20

DESIGNED FOR MACHINE BALANCE IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ANTICIPATED LOAD.

BUCKETS PROVIDE HIGHER DIGGING PRESSURES - BREAK - OUT FORCE

Question 21

Hoes

Answer 21

ACTION OF THE STICK & BUCKET CYCLINDERS OPTIMIZE THE PENETRATION FORCE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE STICKS ARC.

AT THIS POINT IN THE REACH THE HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS EXERT THE MAXIMUM FORCE DRAWING THE STICK IN AND CURLING THE BUCKET.

Question 22

Front Shovels - Digging motion & dimensions - Designed to dig above the tracks (385C FS)

Answer 22

STICK LENGTH - 3480 MM 11’5”

BOOM LENGHT - 4600 MM 15’1”

ROCK BUCKET - 5.2 M 17’1”

A. MAXIMUM REACH - 10 350 MM 33’11”

B. MAXIMUM REACH AT GROUND LEVEL - 9900 MM 32’6”

C. MAXIMUM LEVEL CROWD DISTANCE - 3290 MM 12’10”

D. MAXIMUM DIGGING DEPTH - 2840MM 9’4”

E. MAXIMUM DIGGING HEIGHT - 11 260MM 36’11”

F. MAXIMUM DUMP HEIGHT - 7430MM 24’5”

G. REACH AT MAXIMUM DUMP HEIGHT - 5690 MM 18’8”
BUCKET BREAKOUT FORCE (ISO) - 538 KN 121,050 LB
STICK BREAKOUT FORCE (ISO) - 429 KN - 96,530 LB

Question 23

Excavators - Digging Motion & Dimensions ( Designed to dig below the tracks)

Answer 23

A. MAXIMUM LOADING HEIGHT OF BUCKET WITH TEETH

B. MAXIMUM REACH AT GROUND LEVEL

C. MAXIMUM DIGGING DEPTH

D. MAXIMUM VERTICAL WALL

E. MAXIMUM DEPTH OF CUT FOR 2.44M (8’0’’) LEVEL BOTTOM (STRAIGHT CLEAN UP)

F. MAXIMUM BUCKET HINGE PIN HEIGHT

G. MAXIMUM HEIGHT, TO BUCKET TEETH AT HIGHEST ARC

Question 24

Excavator machine safety

Answer 24

TWO SWING DANGER ZONES

SWING RADIUS OF THE BOOM AND ATTACHMENT AT THE END OF THE STICK

THE RADIUS OF THE REAR ROTATING PLATFORM

Question 25

Excavator Production

Answer 25

HEAPED CAPACITY

STRUCK CAPACITY

Question 26

Excavator Production (Factors to consider)

Answer 26

VOLUME OF A HEAPED BUCKET LOAD

BUCKET FILL FACTOR

CUT HEIGTH & ANGLE OF SWING

WORKING CONDITIONS

Question 27

Excavator Production (Production rate includes)

Answer 27

THE VOLUME OF MATERIAL PER LOAD

THE NUMBER OF CYCLES PER HOUR

FACTORS FOR EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCIES

Question 28

Determine load per cycle

Answer 28

BUCKET SIZE

Question 29

Determine fill factor

Answer 29

BUCKET FILL FACTOR

Question 30

Calculate production

Answer 30

PRODUCTION = 60 MIN X BUCKET LOAD X FILL FACTOR / LOAD TIME + SWING + DUMP + RETURN

Question 31

Efficiency Factors

Answer 31

NEED TO BE APPLIED TO THE PRODUCTION RATES

Question 32

Factors that affect jon efficiencies include:

Answer 32

OPERATORS EXPERIENCE & MACHINE HANDLING

OPERATORS BREAKS

SITE MANAGEMENT

JOBSITE LAYOUT & RESTRICTIONS

CONDITION OF THE EQUIPMENT

DIFFICULTY OF THE WORK