Module 5.2 Excavators Flashcards
Excavator (diggers, track hoes, crawlers)
STANDARD HOE
FRONT SHOVEL
TELESCOPING BOOM
Excavators (3 running systems)
TRACKED
WHEELED
TRUCK - MOUNTED
Primary machine applications (Telescoping Boom)
DITCH CUTTING, SHAPING & CLEANING
SIDE SLOPING
FINISH GRADING
PLACING RIPRAP
RIPPING PAVEMENT
Considerations when choosing Hydraulic Excavator
SIZE AND CAPACITY
TRACTION CAPABILITIES
THE MEANS OF LOCOMOTION
MANEUVERABILITY
STABILITY
WORK SITE CONDITIONS
Truck-Mounted Excavator
FLAT, STABLE SURFACES
SEPARATE ENGINES & CABS
360 DEGREES ROTATION AFFECTED BY TRUCK CAB
CAN TRAVEL ON ROADS
Wheeled Excavator
STABLE, BUT ROUGHER TERRAIN
REQUIRES OUTRIGGERS FOR STABILITY
CAN ROTATE 360 DEGREES
CAN TRAVEL ON ROADS (SLOW SPEEDS)
Track - Mounted Excavator
MOST COMMON EXCAVATOR
ROUGH TO VERY ROUGH TERRAIN
CAN ROTATE 360 DEGREES
HAS TO BE TRANSPORTED ON TRAILER
Track - Mounted Excavator
FLOTATION
TRACTION
MANEUVERABILITY
SEVERE SOIL CONDITIONS
FASTER DIGGING
Wheel-mounted excavator
MOBILITY AND SPEED
LESS PAVEMENT DAMAGE
BETTER STABILITY WITH OUTRIGGERS
LEVELLING MACHINE WITH OUTRIGGERS
USABLE FOR BACKFILLING & REPOSITIONING TRENCH BOXES
Excavator Sizes
MICRO MACHINES
COMPACT MACHINES
When choosing an excavator for your projects, assess:
VOLUME OF WORK - DRAWINGS
TYPE OF WORK - SPECIFICATIONS
DURATION OF WORK - SCHEDULE
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS - CONSULTANT REPORTS
Excavator machine parts
DRIVING BASE
UNDERCARRIAGE
DIGGING SYSTEM
Excavator Driving Bases
OPERATORS CAB
ENGINE
COUNTERWEIGHT
Undercarriage
TRACKS
TRACK FRAME
MOTOR & GEARS TO DRIVE TRACKS
Digging system
BOOM
STICK
BUCKET
HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
- LIFT CYLINDERS
- STICK CYLINDERS
- BUCKET CYLINDERS
Maximize production: Match the blade to the work & the machine
EXCAVATING BUCKET
MASS EXCAVATION BUCKET
TRENCHING BUCKET
CLEAN - UP BUCKET
Excavator attachments
RIPPERS
GRADING BLADES
GRAPPLES
THUMBS
DEMO SHEERS
PILE DRIVERS
HYDRAULIC BREAKERS
CUTTER HEADS
BOOM EXTENSIONS
Excavator - Machine Standards
EXCAVATOR HYDRAULICS
FRONT SHOVELS
HOES
Excavator hydraulics
ALL MOVEMENT AND FUNCTIONS OF AN EXCAVATOR ARE THROUGH THE USE OF THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
THIS SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR THE FLUID, CONTROLLED MOTION OF THE BOOM & STICK.
THE BENEFITS OF THE HYDRAULICS OPERATING SYSTEM ARE
FASTER CYCLE TIME
PRECISE CONTROL OF ATTACHMENTS
Front Shovels
DESIGNED FOR MACHINE BALANCE IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ANTICIPATED LOAD.
BUCKETS PROVIDE HIGHER DIGGING PRESSURES - BREAK - OUT FORCE
Hoes
ACTION OF THE STICK & BUCKET CYCLINDERS OPTIMIZE THE PENETRATION FORCE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE STICKS ARC.
AT THIS POINT IN THE REACH THE HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS EXERT THE MAXIMUM FORCE DRAWING THE STICK IN AND CURLING THE BUCKET.
Front Shovels - Digging motion & dimensions - Designed to dig above the tracks (385C FS)
STICK LENGTH - 3480 MM 11’5”
BOOM LENGHT - 4600 MM 15’1”
ROCK BUCKET - 5.2 M 17’1”
A. MAXIMUM REACH - 10 350 MM 33’11”
B. MAXIMUM REACH AT GROUND LEVEL - 9900 MM 32’6”
C. MAXIMUM LEVEL CROWD DISTANCE - 3290 MM 12’10”
D. MAXIMUM DIGGING DEPTH - 2840MM 9’4”
E. MAXIMUM DIGGING HEIGHT - 11 260MM 36’11”
F. MAXIMUM DUMP HEIGHT - 7430MM 24’5”
G. REACH AT MAXIMUM DUMP HEIGHT - 5690 MM 18’8”
BUCKET BREAKOUT FORCE (ISO) - 538 KN 121,050 LB
STICK BREAKOUT FORCE (ISO) - 429 KN - 96,530 LB
Excavators - Digging Motion & Dimensions ( Designed to dig below the tracks)
A. MAXIMUM LOADING HEIGHT OF BUCKET WITH TEETH
B. MAXIMUM REACH AT GROUND LEVEL
C. MAXIMUM DIGGING DEPTH
D. MAXIMUM VERTICAL WALL
E. MAXIMUM DEPTH OF CUT FOR 2.44M (8’0’’) LEVEL BOTTOM (STRAIGHT CLEAN UP)
F. MAXIMUM BUCKET HINGE PIN HEIGHT
G. MAXIMUM HEIGHT, TO BUCKET TEETH AT HIGHEST ARC
Excavator machine safety
TWO SWING DANGER ZONES
SWING RADIUS OF THE BOOM AND ATTACHMENT AT THE END OF THE STICK
THE RADIUS OF THE REAR ROTATING PLATFORM
Excavator Production
HEAPED CAPACITY
STRUCK CAPACITY
Excavator Production (Factors to consider)
VOLUME OF A HEAPED BUCKET LOAD
BUCKET FILL FACTOR
CUT HEIGTH & ANGLE OF SWING
WORKING CONDITIONS
Excavator Production (Production rate includes)
THE VOLUME OF MATERIAL PER LOAD
THE NUMBER OF CYCLES PER HOUR
FACTORS FOR EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCIES
Determine load per cycle
BUCKET SIZE
Determine fill factor
BUCKET FILL FACTOR
Calculate production
PRODUCTION = 60 MIN X BUCKET LOAD X FILL FACTOR / LOAD TIME + SWING + DUMP + RETURN
Efficiency Factors
NEED TO BE APPLIED TO THE PRODUCTION RATES
Factors that affect jon efficiencies include:
OPERATORS EXPERIENCE & MACHINE HANDLING
OPERATORS BREAKS
SITE MANAGEMENT
JOBSITE LAYOUT & RESTRICTIONS
CONDITION OF THE EQUIPMENT
DIFFICULTY OF THE WORK
