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Principles of Anesthesia I > Module 5 Week 4 > Flashcards

Module 5 Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the most common endocrinopathy

[C.A. CH23]

A

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

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2
Q

defined as a blood glucose above 200 mg/dL in the absence of known diabetes

[C.A. CH23]

A

Critical illness-induced hyperglycemia

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3
Q

Diabetics have an increased risk of

[C.A. CH23]

A

CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and perioperative MI

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4
Q

The incidence of silent ischemia is increased in patients with

[C.A. CH23]

A

DM

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5
Q

Characterized by severe dehydration, hyperglycemia, and hyperosmolarity

[C.A. CH23]

A

nonketotic hyperosmolar state

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6
Q

Target HgA1c for type 1 diabetics

[C.A. CH23]

A

<7.5%

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7
Q

Target HgA1c for type 2 diabetics

[C.A. CH23]

A

<7%

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8
Q

Initiation of β-blockers prior to the day of surgery should be considered in diabetic patients with at least

[C.A. CH23]

A

two other risk factors for an adverse cardiac event

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9
Q

Preoperative blood glucose should be kept below

[C.A. CH23]

A

<200mg/dL

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10
Q

How long before surgery should oral hypoglycemics be held

[C.A. CH23]

A

Held on the Day of surgery

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11
Q

During surgery patients on insulin drips should have their BG checked at what frequency?

[C.A. CH23]

A

Every 1-2 Hours

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12
Q

Hypothyroidism can lead to the development of

[C.A. CH23]

A

hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypoventilation, hyponatremia, and heart failure

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13
Q

In cases where the patient has a large thyroid mass that may distort the airway what should be done

[C.A. CH23]

A

a chest x-ray should be obtained looking for evidence of tracheal deviation or narrowing

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14
Q

Patients with hyperparathyroidism often have

[C.A. CH23]

A

Hypercalcemia

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15
Q

Preoperative consideration for patients with hyperparathyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Evaluation of serum calcium level

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16
Q

General clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Weight loss; heat intolerance; warm, moist skin

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17
Q

Cardiovascular clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure

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18
Q

Neurologic clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Nervousness, tremor, hyperactive reflexes

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19
Q

Musculoskeletal clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Muscle weakness, bone resorption

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20
Q

GI clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Diarrhea

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21
Q

Hematologic clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia

22
Q

General clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Cold intolerance

23
Q

Cardiovascular clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Bradycardia, congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly, pericardial or pleural effusion

24
Q

Neurologic clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism

[C.A. CH23]

A

Slow mental function, minimal reflexes

25
Musculoskeletal clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Large tongue, amyloidosis
26
GI clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Delayed gastric emptying
27
Renal clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Impaired free water clearance
28
General clinical manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Hyperparathyroidism
29
Cardiovascular clinical manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Hypertension, heart block
30
Neurologic clinical manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Weakness, lethargy, headache, insomnia, apathy, depression
31
Musculoskeletal clinical manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Bone pains, arthritis, pathologic fractures
32
GI clinical manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, epigastric pain
33
Renal clinical manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism [C.A. CH23]
Polyuria, hematuria
34
Clinical presentation of patients with a pheochromocytoma [C.A. CH23]
intermittent hypertension, headache, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
35
most obvious manifestation of long-term high-dose steroid treatment [C.A. CH23]
Cushing syndrome
36
Clinical manifestation of Cushing Syndrome [C.A. CH23]
moon facies, striations of the skin, truncal obesity, hypertension, easy bruisability, and hypovolemia
37
Liver disease is associated with decreased plasma protein production, thereby affecting [C.A. CH23]
drug binding, volume of distribution, metabolism and clearance
38
__________ accompanies liver failure [C.A. CH23]
Coagulopathy
39
Specific risk factors for Liver Disease [C.A. CH23]
previous blood transfusions, illicit drug use, or excessive alcohol intake
40
Signs of underlying liver disease [C.A. CH23]
jaundice, spider nevi, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, or palmar erythema
41
Severity of hepatic disfunction is assessed by using [C.A. CH23]
the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score
42
Acceptable preoperative hemoglobin level for patients without systemic disease [C.A. CH23]
7 g/dL
43
Top 10 risk factors for aspiration [C.A. CH23]
Emergency Surgery, Inadequate anesthesia, Abdominal pathology, obesity, opioid medication, neurological deficit, Lithotomy, difficult intubation/airway, Reflux, Hiatal Hernia
44
Minimum fasting period for Clear liquids [C.A. CH23]
At least 2 hours
45
Minimum fasting period for Breast milk [C.A. CH23]
At least 4 hours
46
Minimum fasting period for Infant formula, nonhuman milk and light meal [C.A. CH23]
At least 6 hours
47
ERAS prep interventions
- targeted pt edu - carb loading - less fasting time - warming - selective Bowel prep
48
ERAS intra-op interventions
- epidural if possible - warming - no tubes or drains - short acting anesthetics - MIS sx
49
ERAS POST OP
- regular analgesia such as NSAIDs - preemptive pain and nausea management - early feeding - nutritional supplements - early mobilization
50
What is the esophageal doppler also used for preop?
You can assess SV and assess pt fluid status
51
What can you use to replace volume loss?
Crystalloids 3:1 | Colliods 1:1
52
EABL= EBl × HCTstart - HCTallowable | ÷ HCTstart
This will give you the amount of blood that can be lost before CONSIDERING transfusion

Principles of Anesthesia I (6 decks)

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