Module 5: Urinary System

Question 1

Functions of the Kidney/Urinary System

Answer 1

Excretory organs - remove waste and toxic substances in the blood (metabolic by-products of cells and substances)
Excretion of Metabolic Wastes
1. Creatinine – breakdown of Creatine phosphate in muscle fibers
2. Urea – breakdown of proteins
3. Ammonia (nh3) – by product of Proteins/ amino acids
4. Bilirubin – breakdown of Hemoglobin
5. Uric acid – breakdown of Nucleic Acid (animal protein)

Regulator of blood volume and blood pressure - by control of extracellular fluid volume (renin) and urine concentration. (osmolality)

Regulation of solutes and ions in the blood plasma [Glucose, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Phosphate (HPO4)]

Regulator of the Body Fluid pH (acidity and alkalinity)

Regulator of the Red blood cell synthesis (erythropoietin)

Synthesis of vitamin D - final conversion of its active form 1,25 dihydrocholecalciferol (Calcitriol)

Question 2

AKA renal (Latin)

bean shape

Answer 2

Kidney

Question 3

___________________ holds kidney in place

Answer 3

adipose (fat) tissues

Question 4

Kidney Costovertebral angle

Answer 4

1. 12th Rib
2. 1st 3 Lumbar Spine

Question 5

area in the abdominal cavity located behind the peritoneum, which is a membrane that lines the abdominal organs.

Answer 5

Retroperitoneum

Question 6

Kidneys are located on either side of the spine, behind the ________________.

Answer 6

peritoneum

Question 7

_____ Kidney is lower than the _____ Kidney

Answer 7

right ; left

Question 8

Renal capsule – connective tissue (fibrous) that surrounds and protect the kidney

Question 9

Hilum (indentation) medial indentation on each side of the kidney where vessels or nerves enter or exit.

Question 10

Renal sinus – fat filled cavity which contains the blood vessels

Question 11

Renal pelvis - wide section of the urinary channel

Question 12

Calyx – (“cup of a flower”) funnel shape branch of the renal pelvis

Question 13

refers to the functional tissue of the kidneys that is responsible for carrying out the organ’s primary functions, such as filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine

Answer 13

Renal parenchyma (surface)

Question 14

Two main regions of Renal parenchyma

Answer 14

Renal cortex
Renal medulla

Question 15

the outer layer of the kidney

Answer 15

Renal cortex

Question 16

the inner part of the kidney

Answer 16

Renal medulla

Question 17

“cone shaped” sections of tissue lying mostly in the medulla

Answer 17

Renal pyramids

Question 18

tip of the pyramids

Answer 18

Renal papilla

Question 19

“functional unit “ of the kidney

Answer 19

Nephron

Question 20

Functions of the nephron

Answer 20

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

Question 21

Each kidney contains ___ million nephrons.

Answer 21

1.3

Question 22

_______ to ______ of blood plasma passes through the kidney /24 hours

Answer 22

150 L ; 180 l

Question 23

Average urinary output is ___ to ____

Answer 23

1.0 L ; 1.8 L

Question 24

Cortical nephrons – loops of henle do not deep into the medulla (80 – 85% of the nephron)

Question 25

Juxtamedullary nephrons (next to the medulla)– loops of henle extend deep into the medulla (15 – 25% of the nephron)

Question 26

renal artery – branch of the aorta

Question 27

renal vein – branch of inferior vena cava