Module 5 Strokes Flashcards
Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of:
Brain and Spinal Cord
Brain and Spinal cord is protected by:
The Cranium and Spinal Column(Vertebral column)
Interneurons
Nerve cells remain inside the brain
Afferent Neurons (sensory neurons)
Send signals from Peripheral system to central system
Efferent Neurons (motor neurons)
Carry signal from brain to the peripheral system.
Brain divide into three parts:
Forebrain
Hind brain
Brain stem
Forebrain
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, cerebrum w/ cerebral cortex, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and occipital lobe
Hind brain
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Connect brain to spinal cord
3 Layer Meninges
Dura matter, Arachnoid matter, and Pia matter
Dura Matter
Outermost thick layer (inner surface of skull, tip of the spinal cord(filum terminale))
Arachnoid Matter
Middle Layer
Pia Matter
Innermost Layer (closest to brain, contact with neural tissues of the CNS)
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Space between Arachnoid and Pia matter (protection, nutrients, removal of waste products)
Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)
Nerves and ganglions that are outside the brain and the spinal cord
(PNS (connects) CNS to peripheral structures)
Unlike CNS, PNS
Susceptible to infections and mechanical injuries
PNS’s 2 Subsystems:
Somatic Nervous System
Automatic Nervous System
Somatic nervous system
Helps body adjust to the external environment through the voluntary movement of Skeletal System
(Blinking Reflex, Knee Jerk Reflex, Gag Reflex, Startle Reflex, Rooting Reflex)
Automatic Nervous System
Acts as a control system, functioning largely below the level of consciousness and controlling visceral functions.
(HR, RR, Digestion, Salivation, Perspiration, Pupillary dilation, micturition, sexual arousal)
Autonomic Nervous System, 2 main divisions:
Sympathetic: flight or fight
Parasympathetic: Rest and Digestion
Cranial Nerves
Carry information into and out of the brain stem.
smell, vision, eye muscles, mouth, taste, ears, neck, shoulders, and trunk
Spinal Nerves
Carry motor commands and sensory information into the spinal cord.
Myelination
Protects the axon vis insulation, and increase the speed of electrical impulse as it travels along nerve fibers.
Damage: Functional insufficiency
Motor Control
Ability to regulate or direct movement
