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Nutrition 120 > Module 5 - Protein > Flashcards

Module 5 - Protein Flashcards

1
Q

What is Protein

A
  1. Component of every living cell
  2. all proteins are made up of amino acids
  3. every AA contains Nitrogen
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2
Q

Peptide bonds

A

Covalent bond that links AA together to form a protein

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3
Q

Dipeptide

A

2 amino acids coming together
Water is released

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4
Q

Tripeptide

A

Bonds have 2 peptide bonds

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5
Q

Primary structure

A

Linear order of AA

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6
Q

Secondary Structure

A

Local spatial arrangement of polypeptide backbone.

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7
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

Final 3D shape of protein.

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8
Q

What happens to protein when it undergoes ‘denaturation’

A

Protein denature means (destroying 3D shape) but doesnt break any peptide bonds.
example/ protein hitting stomach acid.

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9
Q

Red Blood Cell Vs Sickle Cell anemia

A

PolyPeptide
Normal: Normal
Sickle: Altered
Hemoglobin Shape
Normal: Normal
Sickle: Altered
Hemoglobin Arrangement
Normal: Individual Molecules
Sickle: Long chains of Molecules
Red Blood Cell shape
Normal: Disc
Sickle: Sickle

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10
Q

Sickle Cell

A

Happens when there is reduced oxygen carrying capacity

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11
Q

Proteins that regulate “body processes”

A

Some Hormones
- Insulin, Glucagon
Enzymes
- Lipase, Amylase, Trypsin
Neurotransmitters
- Serotonin

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12
Q

Proteins that help Transportation substances throughout

A

Hemoglobin - Transports oxygen
Transferrin - Blood transport proteins for iron.

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13
Q

Proteins that work as apart of immune defence

A

Antibodies - proteins with sugar groups attached to them

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14
Q

Proteins that growth and repair tissues

A

Muscle Protein:
a) Actin/Myosin
b) Collagen
Normal turnover (breakdown + Replacement)

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15
Q

How does Stomach help in protein digestion

A
  1. HCL Denatures proteins
  2. Protein begins digestion in stomach –> PEPSIN enzyme lives in stomach to break down peptide bonds.
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16
Q

how does Pancreas help in protein digestion

A

Produces 2 enzymes Trypsinogen, Chytrypsinogen
Pre enzymes

17
Q

How does Small Intestine help in protein digestion

A
  1. Peptides enter
  2. Intestinal cells produce Enterokinase (Active enzyme)
  3. Pancreas produces Trypsinogen, Chytrypsinogen
  4. Enterokinase turns trypsinogen to trypsin which turns it into active enzyme
  5. Chymotrypsinogen gets turned into chymotrypsin by trypsin enzyme
  6. Then broken down into individual AA
  7. Amino Acids go to portal system (blood)
18
Q

Amino acid Metabolism

A

AA in blood system which heads to liver first
1. Synthesis of AA –> Required body proteins
2. Convert AA –> Glucose
3. AA used directly by liver for energy (4kcal/g)
4. Converted to fat.

19
Q

What does HCL do in protein digestion

A

Denatures Proteins

20
Q

What does Pepsin do in protein digestion

A

Enzyme that lives in stomach and breaks down peptide bonds.

21
Q

What does Trypsin do in protein digestion

A

Turns Chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin

22
Q

What does Chymotrypsin do in protein digestion

A

Breaks down the proteins into indivdual amino acids

23
Q

Various ways AA enter liver from portal vein.

A

Bloodstream
Diet (exogenous)
Tissue Breakdown (endogenous)

24
Q

Explain the difference between complete and incomplete dietary proteins sources

A

Complete proteins contain all nine essential AA
Incomplete Proteins contain some but not all 9 AA

25
Q

Example of Complete proteins

A

Meat
Poultry
Eggs
Fish
Diary

26
Q

Examples of incomplete protein foods

A

Nuts
Legumes
Grains
Veggies

27
Q

9 Essential Amino Acids

A

PVT TIM HLL
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine

28
Q

Limiting amino acids

A

Amino acids in shortest supply relative to body requirements for absorbed AA

29
Q

Health Benefits of a plant-centred diet.

A

Lower body weight
reduce incidence of obesity and other chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease.

30
Q

Design a Vegan Meal

A

Rice & Beans
Rice & Lentils
Bread & PB
Tofu and Cashew
Bean burrito

31
Q

Poorly-Planned vegan diet concerns

A

Protein Deficiencies
Vitamin B12 deficiency

32
Q

3 examples of a person in a negative balance

A

Losing body weight
Disease
Inactivity

33
Q

3 examples of a person in a positive balance

A

Gaining weight
Repair (broken leg)
Athlete activity

34
Q

How do figure out How much protein needed DRI values

A

lbs/ 2.2 = weight in kg
weight in kg x 0.8 = amount of protein a day

35
Q

Protein requirement needed for Non-Athlete, Endurance Athlete, Power Athlete

A

Non-Athelete is 0.8
Endurance is 1.2-1.4
Power is 1.2-1.7

36
Q

Potential Risks of taking single amino acid supplements

A

GI Tract - If we take in to much AA we start losing Trp, Tyr, Phe essential AA

Brain - Trp turns into serotonin

Becomes AA imbalance

37
Q

Is too much protein bad?

A
  1. Increase calorie intake
  2. High protein foods often high in fat
  3. Calcium loss in urine increases
  4. Damages Kidneys If you are type 2 diabetes

Nutrition 120 (3 decks)

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