Module 5 - Protein Flashcards
What is the difference between animal and plant products when it comes to nutrients and fiber?
A - high in vit B, iron, zinc and ca+; low in fiber; high in saturated fat and cholesterol
P - low in vit B, iron, zinc and ca+; high in fiber and unsaturated fats
What is the composition of protein?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
- made of one or more folded chains of amino acids
What is amino acid?
AA - the building blocks of protein. Each contains a central carbon atom bond to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, an acid group, and a side
What is the difference between essential and non essential amino acids?
E - 9 amino acids
NE - 11 amino acids
What is the difference between transamination and conditionally essential amino acids?
T - the process by which an amino group from one amino acid is transferred to a carbon compound to form a new amino acid
CEA - amino acids that are essential in the diet only under certain conditions or at certain times of life.
What are the three types of protein structures?
Dipeptide: two amino acids linked by peptide bond.
Tripeptide: three amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Polypeptide: chain of three or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds
What is protein denaturation?
- denaturation is the alteration of a protein’s three-dimensional structure due to environment changes (temp, pH)
What are the enzymes that is able to digest protein?
stomach - starts with hydrochloric acid –> then activates pepsin (breaks down polypeptides and amino acids)
small intestines - pancreatic enzyme –> breaks down polypeptide chain
How are amino acids and peptides absorbed?
AA and di/ tri peptides enter the mucosal cells in the small intestine (active transport)
- if two amino acids share the same transporter, they could be impaired
What is anaphylaxis?
an immediate and severe allergic reaction to a substance (e.g., food or drugs). Symptoms include breathing difficulty, loos of consciousness, and a drop in blood pressure and can be fatal
What systems are affected by an allergic reaction?
Digestive system, skin, respiratory tract, and cardiovascular system
What is the amino acid pool and what are they used for?
All of the amino acids in body tissues and fluids that are available for use by the body
- amino acid is used to synthesized protein
What is limiting amino acids?
The essential amino acid that is available in the lowest concentration in relation to the body’s needs.
- shortage of amino acids stop protein synthesis
What is protein turnover and what is the protein rates of different proteins?
The continuous synthesis and breakdown of body proteins, essential for tissue maintenance and adaptation.
- regulatory; higher
- collagen; lower
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
TC - copying the information in DNA to mRNA
TL - translating mRNA to amino acid polypeptide chain
