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Concepts In Pharmacology > Module 5 - Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Module 5 - Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Automatic nervous system and somatic nervous system

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2
Q

What is the role of the automatic nervous system?

A

Regulates involuntary processes (HR, digestion, respiration)

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3
Q

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

A

Carries sensory information from organs to SNS and relayed motor commands

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4
Q

What are the two divisions of the automatic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS
Fight or flight and rest and digest

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5
Q

Describe the neuronal organisation of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Made of short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons
Preganglionic neurons release ACh into synaptic cleft which binds to nicotinic receptors
Postganglionic neurons release NA

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6
Q

Describe the neuronal organisation of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Made of long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons
Preganglionic neurons release ACH and binds to nicotinic receptors
Postganglionic neurons release ACh which stimulates muscle receptors

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7
Q

Describe the effects of the sympathetic NS

A

Dilates pupils, increases heart rate and heart contractility, inhibits digestion, stimulates glucose release, relaxes bladder and stimulates epinephrine and norepinephrine release

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8
Q

Describe the effects of the parasympathetic NS

A

Contracts pupils, decreases heart rate and heart contractility, stimulates digestion, stimulates gallbladder, contracts bladder and bronchial constriction

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9
Q

What are sympathomimetics?

A

Mimics stimulation of SNS, may be directly active or indirectly acting

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10
Q

What are sympathomimetics used to treat?

A

Glaucoma, anaphylaxis, COPD, hypotension and heart failure

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11
Q

Where are beta1 adrenoreceptors located?

A

Heart (increases HR and contractility)

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12
Q

Where are beta2 adrenoreceptors located?

A

Smooth muscle (relaxation of airways and increase glucose uptake)

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13
Q

Where are beta3 adrenoreceptors located?

A

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (breakdown of fat and bladder relaxation)

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14
Q

What medications are used for anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline

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15
Q

What does adrenaline primarily act on?

A

Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2 receptor subtypes

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16
Q

What is the action of dobutamine?

A

Inotropic (modifies speed of contraction) causing vasodilation

17
Q

What is the action of dopamine?

A

Inotropic support in acute HF and cariogenic shock

18
Q

What is the indication of isoprenaline?

A

Heart block and cardiogenic/septic shock

19
Q

What is the mode of action of oral decongestants?

A

Acts on alpha adrenoreceptors on vascular smooth muscle in respiratory tract causing vasoconstriction

20
Q

What is an example of an oral decongestant?

A

Pseudoephedrine

21
Q

What is the mode of action of intranasal decongestants?

A

Produces vasoconstriction in nasal musics and decreases nasal blood flow

22
Q

What are sympatholytics?

A

Alpha or beta adrenergic antagonists which block the effect of sympathomimetics on alpha or beta receptors

23
Q

What are alpha blockers send to clinically treat?

A

Hypertension

24
Q

What are beta blockers used to clinically treat?

A

Ischaemic heart disease, essential hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias and congestive heart failure

25
Q

Which drugs enhance cholinergic effects?

A

Parasympathomimetic drugs

26
Q

Which drugs inhibit cholinergic effects?

A

Anticholinergic drugs or parasympathetic antagonist

27
Q

What is the mode of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Decreases breakdown of acetylcholine, reducing deficiency of cholinergic neurotransmitter activity

28
Q

What does the mnemonic BAG the PUDDLES stand for in relation to acute toxicity?

A

Bronchoconstriction
Apnea
Graying of vision
Pupillary constriction
Urination
Diaphoresis
Defecation
Lacrimation
Emesis
Seizures

29
Q

What is the mode of action of anticholinergics?

A

Blocks parasympathetic receptors in lungs (causing bronchodilation and decreased production of mucus)

Concepts In Pharmacology (8 decks)

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