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A Level-Physics > Module 5 Part 1- Newtonian World > Flashcards

Module 5 Part 1- Newtonian World Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a radian

A

A radian is a measurement of angles. 1 radian is the angle encompassed by the sector of a circle with three equal sides a.k.a the arc is of length r

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2
Q

How many radians in a circle and what is a radian equal to

A

There are 2π radians in a circle and as there are 360° in a circle 1rad=57.3 approx.

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3
Q

What are the two equations for linear velocity

A

V=(2πr)/T or V=2πrf

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4
Q

What is angular speed and how does it differ from linear velocity

A

Angular speed is the angle swept per second and it stays constant as an object undergoes circular motion as it is the magnitude of velocity which is the tangent to the circle at any given point therefore constantly changes

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5
Q

What is the equation for angular speed and the units

A

ω=Δθ/Δt measured in radians/second or rads^1

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6
Q

What else can angular speed me measured in and how do you convert?

A

It is more commonly measured in revolutions per second or minute and can be converted by considering that 1 revolution (360°)=2π so you can multiply by 2π

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7
Q

What is angular frequency

A

Angular frequency is essentially the same as angular speed however it is a way to relate the frequency to the speed through the equation: ω=2πf or 2π/T

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8
Q

Explain acceleration of an object in circular motion

A

If an object is traveling in a circle then the speed is the same but the velocity changes due to change in direction therefore there is an acceleration-this is called centripetal acceleration

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9
Q

What is the relationship between angular speed and linear velocity

A

v=wr or w=v/r

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10
Q

What is the equation for centripetal acceleration

A

a=vw or a=v^2/r or a=w^2r

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11
Q

What is centripetal force

A

Centripetal force is the name given to any force which acts towards the center of a circle e.g:rope on a mass or gravity on a planet

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12
Q

What are the two equations for centripetal force and how do you arrive there

A

By using F=ma you can sub in the equations for centripetal acceleration to get:
F=(mv^2)/r or F=mrw^2

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13
Q

What is the equation for centripetal force in a pendulum

A

Wcosθ=Tension=centripetal force ((mv^2)/r or mrw^2)

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14
Q

What are the two rules of simple harmonic motion

A

Acceleration of an object is towards the a center therefore displacement is opposite to the acceleration.
Acceleration is proportional to the displacement

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15
Q

What is equation in SHM for acceleration

A

A= -w^2x

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16
Q

What are the two equations for displacement in an oscillating system

A

x=Acos(wt) and x=Asin(wt)

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17
Q

When do you use each displacement equation in SHM

A

Acos(wt) is used when the displacement is maximum at the start
Asin(wt) is used when the displacement is zero at the start

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18
Q

What is the equation for maximum velocity for oscillations and briefly explain

A

V=wA as cos(wt) or sin(wt) will be equal to one as velocity is the highest it can be so they will disappear from the equation

19
Q

What is resonance

A

Resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with at ever increasing amplitudes when the frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency

20
Q

When does resonance occur

A

Resonance occurs when the external force is periodically in phase and timed correctly with the natural frequency of vibration

21
Q

What is natural frequency of vibration

A

It is the frequency for a given object which will cause it to vibrate at an exponentially increasing amplitude

22
Q

What is damping and what is the effect

A

Damping is when the external force is applied too early or too late and it causes the amplitude to decrease and the input frequency to also decrease

23
Q

What is thermal contact

A

When energy can be exchanged between two bodies in contact with each other due to a difference in temperature

24
Q

What is thermal equilibrium

A

When two bodies to not exchange any energy even in thermal contact due to them being at the same temperature

25
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermal dynamics

A

Thermal equilibrium is dependent on one property: temperature

26
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be re distributed or changed form

27
Q

What is the second law of thermal dynamics

A

The entropy of a system not in thermal equilibrium almost always increases

28
Q

What is the third law of thermodynamics

A

The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero

29
Q

What is entropy

A

Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system or the degree of randomness of the system

30
Q

An assumption in kinetic theory is that molecules are

A

Points with negligible volume (compared to the volume of gas)

31
Q

An assumption in kinetic theory is that molecules do not

A

Attract one another

32
Q

An assumption in kinetic theory is that molecules move

A

In constant random motion

33
Q

An assumption in kinetic theory is that all collisions made

A

Perfectly elastic

34
Q

An assumption in kinetic theory is that the time taken for a collision is

A

Much less than the time between collisions

35
Q

An assumption in kinetic theory is that any sample of an ideal gas

A

contains a very large number of molecules

36
Q

What is brownian motion

A

Random motion of microscopic particles in a fluid that results in random collisions

37
Q

What is internal energy of a substance

A

The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules within the substance

38
Q

What can internal energy be affected by and explain

A

Temperature-the particles will move around more and have more kinetic energy
Change of state-the electrostatic potential energy changes

39
Q

What is specific heat capacity and what is the equation for it

A

The amount of energy it takes per unit mass to change the temperature by 1K (or °C)
E=mc∆θ

40
Q

What is specific latent heat and what is the equation for it

A

The amount of energy to change the state per unit mass
E=mL

41
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion

A

The specific latent heat for the solid/liquid change in state

42
Q

What is specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

The specific latent heat for the liquid/gas change in state

43
Q

What is the difference between forced and free oscillations

A

Free-no external forces
Forced-a periodic driving force makes it oscillate at a particular frequency

A Level-Physics (8 decks)

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