Module 5: Neuro Flashcards
Where are nuclei found?
In the CNS
Where are ganglia/plexuses found?
in the PNS
what are the 2 ways for neurons to communicate?
Chemical (neurotransmitters)
Electrical (action potential)
What are astrocytes?
They wrap around blood vessels (blood-brain barrier, memories, etc)
Where are ependymal cells?
in the central spinal fluid cavity lining
What are microglia?
CNS macrophage
What are oligodendrocytes?
CNS myelin
name the 4 types of neuroglia?
ependymal cells, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes
what is the role of synaptic knobs?
synapse with other structures, release neurotransmitters
What pump is important for action potentials?
Sodium-Potassium pump
Lifecycle of neurotransmission
synthesis, vesicular storage, release, reabsorption/degradation
name the 6 types of synapses?
axosecretory, axoaxonic, axodendritic, axoextracellular, axosomatic, axosynaptic
Explain axosecretory synapses
axon terminal secretes directly into the bloodstream
Explain axoaxonic synapses
axon terminal secretes into another axon
Explain axodendritic synapses
axon terminal ends on a dendrite spine
Explain axoextracellular synapses
axon with no connection secretes into extracellular fluid
Explain axosomatic synapses
axon terminal ends on soma
Explain axosynaptic synapses
axon terminal ends on another axon terminal
name the 8 main neurotransmitters
adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, acetylcholine, glutamate, endorphins
role of adrenaline
fight or flight neurotransmitter
produced in stressful or exciting situations, increases heartrate & blood flow, leading to a physical boost and heightened awareness
role of noradrenaline
concentration neurotransmitter
affects attention & responding actions in the brain, involved in fight or flight response, contracts blood vessels increasing blood flow
role of dopamine
pleasure neurotransmitter
feelings of pleasure and addition, movement and motivation. people repeat behaviors that lead to dopamine release
role of serotonin
mood neurotransmitter
contributes to well-being and happiness; helps with sleep cycle and digestive system regulation. affected by exercise and light exposure
role of GABA
calming neurotransmitter
calms firing nerves in CNS. high levels improve focus; low levels cause anxiety. also contributes to motor control and vision
role of acetylcholine
learning neurotransmitter
involved in thought, learning and memory. activates muscle action in the body. also associated with attention and awakening
role of glutamate
memory neurotransmitter
most common brain neurotransmitter, involved in learning & memory, regulates the development and creation of nerve contacts
role of endorphins
euphoria neurotransmitters
released during exercise, excitement & sex., producing well-being & euphoria, reducing pain.
