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PSY4407 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the primary causes of workplace stress?

A

Lack of person-job fit

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2
Q

What is the most important part about branding yourself for a job application?

A

Authenticity

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3
Q

In terms of applying for a job, define the audience, their needs, the product, and the message. Which one of these do we manipulate when marketing?

A

Audience = potential employer
Their needs = a new employee with a specific skill set
The product = YOU
The message = the way you talk about the product (YOU)
We manipulate the message

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4
Q

What are Cassie Hunter’s 5 top tips for applications?

A
  1. Do your research
  2. Be in sync (with the organisation)
  3. Do not copy and paste (cover letters)
  4. Big three: you, skills, organisation (cover each in the cover letter)
  5. Be yourself
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5
Q

How long should a CV be for entry level positions?

A

2 pages

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6
Q

What 5 things should you include in a CV?

A
  1. Qualifications and academic achievements/awards
  2. Work experience/volunteering
  3. Memberships and affiliations
  4. Publications and conference attendences
  5. Referees
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7
Q

What should be included in a cover letter?

A
  • Summary of your most relevant experience, demonstrate your suitability
  • Refer to some of your skills and attributes
  • Explain how you will benefit the employer
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8
Q

Explain the acronym ‘STAR’ for responding to selection criteria?

A

Situation - state the particular context or situation that relates to the criterion
Task - what was the task at hand, what were you required to do?
Action - what did you do, what process did you follow to achieve a desirable outcome?
Result - what was the outcome?

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9
Q

What two types of assessment have the highest correlation with job performance?

A

Personality assessments and intelligence assessments

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10
Q

Plante: What is the primary way psychologists pursue clinical, consulting and administrative jobs?

A

Pursuing informal channels and networking

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11
Q

Plante: What are the 10 principles for finding work?

A
  1. Finish credentialing process
  2. Prepare an appropriate CV without errors
  3. Cast a wide net
  4. Expand your view of what you can do
  5. Network, network, network
  6. Contact local services and organisations
  7. Piece together different jobs
  8. Accept reality
  9. Remain open minded
  10. It’s not all doom and gloom
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12
Q

Plante: What is a common error in CVs?

A

Trainees putting everything but the kitchen sink on them, too much irrelevant detail

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13
Q

What is the biggest issue with hiring interviews?

A

Interviewer bias

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14
Q

What are 3 good ways to prepare for an interview?

A
  1. Look back at your application and identify what you think got you the interview, focus on these areas in the interview
  2. Research the job and organisation
  3. Try to guess the questions that will be asked and prepare your answers
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15
Q

What are the 3 key learnings from the communication video?

A
  1. Make friends with silence
  2. Organise your ideas
  3. Seek feedback
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16
Q

How can making friends with silence be beneficial?

A
  • Provides oxygen
  • Avoids rambling
  • Gives processing time to the listener
  • Allows for active listening
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17
Q

How can we better organise our ideas?

A
  • Preparation and discipline

- Ask for time to prepare your response

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18
Q

What are some features of our communication we can seek feedback on?

A
  • Posture
  • Hand gestures
  • Timing
  • Pace
  • Volume
  • Tone of voice
  • Filler words
  • Eye contact
  • this is all good because it develops self awareness
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19
Q

What distance are most people comfortable with in an interview situation?

A

Between 18 inches and 4 feet

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20
Q

In terms of body language interpretation, what is the job of the interviewer?

A

The job of the interviewer is to note the characteristics that are consistent with the candidate’s statements and probe those areas that are not

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21
Q

What should the interviewer do if they notice the candidate getting anxious?

A

Identify the anxiety and uncover the cause

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22
Q

What might the candidate be feeling if their breathing is short and shallow?

A

Frustration or anxiety

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23
Q

What is a heavy sigh usually a sign of?

A

The candidate is going to be discussing something he or she is not comfortable addressing

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24
Q

What is deep breathing usually a sign of? How can the interviewer prevent this

A

Boredom. To improve boredom, the interviewer can ask more open ended general questions e.g. “How do you feel about the opportunity so far?”

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25
Q

Which part of the face is the most expressive?

A

Eyes

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26
Q

What is lip biting a sign of?

A

Anxiety or nervousness

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27
Q

What is rubbing the back of the head a neck a sign of?

A

Frustration

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28
Q

What do open, forward facing palms mean?

A

The person is being open and honest

29
Q

What is rubbing the eyes, ears or side of the nose a sign of?

A

The person is in doubt

30
Q

What rubbing the palms of the hands together a sign of?

A

Expectancy

31
Q

What might sitting forward in a chair be a sign of?

A

Careful listening and cooperation, or anxiety if they’re sitting erect

32
Q

What does sitting in a slouched position indicate?

A

Relaxation

33
Q

What does an erect stance indicate?

A

Confidence

34
Q

What might it mean when someone moves closer to you?

A

Acceptance, or aggression

35
Q

What might it mean if someone is standing and shifting from foot to foot?

A

Usually this is a sign of boredom or uneasiness, but it may just be ill-fitting shoes

36
Q

What are 3 of the most common deficiencies in interviewer body language?

A
  1. Not smiling in initial stages
  2. Asking all the questions the same way
  3. Not showing enough interest to keep the candidate relaxed
37
Q

What are the 4 Ps of creativity?

A
  • Person
  • Process
  • Press
  • Product
38
Q

What are some specific traits found in exceptionally creative individuals?

A
  • Tolerance for ambiguity
  • Sensitivity
  • Independent thinking
  • Imagination
  • Reasonable level of intelligence
39
Q

What are some factors that may influence creativity, but are not measured by typical creativity measures?

A
  • Technical skill
  • Knowledge of a field
  • Mental health
  • Opportunity
40
Q

What are some of the perceptual blocks to creativity?

A
  • Habitual behaviours
  • Stereotyping
  • Reliance on past experiences rather than intuition
41
Q

What are some of the emotional blocks to creativity?

A
  • Fear

- Anxiety about looking foolish in front of others

42
Q

What are some of the ‘process’ blocks to creativity?

A
  • Lack of technique or skill

- No quick grasp at a solution

43
Q

What are some of the communication blocks to creativity?

A
  • Style

- Method or skill of communication is unsuitable for dealing with problems and finding solutions

44
Q

What are some environmental blocks to creativity?

A
  • Facilities
  • Stress factors
  • Mindset of others which inhibits responses
45
Q

What are some cultural blocks to creativity?

A
  • Culture and attitudes are not facilitative - too risky and unpredictable
46
Q

What are the 4 stages of creative thinking?

A
  1. Preparation - conscious
  2. Incubation - subconscious
  3. Illumination
  4. Verification - test solution consciously and deliberately
47
Q

When is the incubation stage more effective?

A

When performing a cognitively undemanding task, eg folding washing, as opposed to doing something demanding or nothing at all

48
Q

What were the main findings of the creativity/meditation study?

A
  • Meditation increased creative performance, irrespective of meditation style
  • Only concentrative meditation led to an increase in cognitive flexibility, so they concluded CM increases creativity by increasing cognitive flexibility
49
Q

According to researchers, what is the core of creativity and an important component of “real life” creativity?

A

Cognitive flexibility

50
Q

How does mindfulness meditation differ from concentrative mediation?

A

MM - similar attention to all objects, hold background awareness without attentional selection, when the mind wanders their attention should be redirected to the body and environment
CM - common to Buddhism, focus on one object or thought, when distracted, you must first disengage attention from the distraction and then return to thought you intend to focus on

51
Q

How do CM and MM differ in terms of levels of brain activation?

A

MM involves more activation of brain areas associated with episodic memories and emotional processing, compared to CM

52
Q

Which two scores did not yield any significant improvements following meditation?

A

Fluency and TCT-DP

53
Q

What was another possible explanation as to why creativity scores increased following meditation?

A

Training effects

54
Q

What was one unexpected finding in the resilience study?

A

Being values-driven was negatively associated with career resilience (CR), producing a negative net indirect effect on career satisfaction (CS). So, being guided by your own values, rather than external standards of success = less resilient to adversity in your career

55
Q

How is general life resilience developed?

A

Through repeated exposure to and successful adaptation to moderate levels of adversity

56
Q

What are the 3 factors used in the theoretical model of the resilience study?

A
  1. Personality factors
  2. Self-evaluations
  3. Modern career attitudes/orientation
57
Q

What was the final hypothesis of the career resilience study?

A

CR will mediate the relationship between personality, career self-evaluation and career orientation on CS

58
Q

What did they find in terms of locus of control?

A

External locus of control was negatively associated with CR, suggesting people with an internal locus of control, who attribute successes and failures to their own actions, are more resilient in their careers.

59
Q

What did they find in terms of having a preference for organisational mobility vs traditional stability in careers?

A

Those with organisational mobility are less likely to be resilient

60
Q

What did they find in terms of emotional stability, self-efficacy and protean self-direction?

A

All were positively related to CR

61
Q

What did they find in terms of having a boundaryless mindset?

A

Negatively associated with CR, but positively associated with CS

62
Q

What are the 5 stages of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Social
  4. Esteem
  5. Self-actualisation
63
Q

What are some criticisms of Maslow’s model?

A
  • Only one need can be motivated at a time
  • Difficult to test scientifically
  • The needs are innate, therefore people have little control over them
  • It assumes lower level needs must be fulfilled before higher levels one can (artist)
  • Doesn’t account for people who move down the model (eg: during retirement)
64
Q

What are the 3 stages of Aldefer’s model? How does it differ from Maslow’s?

A
  1. Existence (safety, physiological needs)
  2. Relatedness (Internal esteem, social needs)
  3. Growth (self-actualisation, external esteem needs)
  • Once satisfied, needs become more powerful rather than ‘satisfied’
  • Individuals can regress down the hierarchy
65
Q

According to McClelland, what are the 3 needs important in work motivation?

A
  • Needs for achievement
  • Needs for power
  • Needs for affiliation
66
Q

In equity theory, what motivates workers?

A

Workers are motivated in jobs where their input in proportion to their outcomes, they are motivated to reduced perceived inequities.

67
Q

What happens when a person with perceived inequity restores equity?

A
  1. They notice at difference in their outcomes/inputs compared to other workers
  2. This leads to tension
  3. This leads to motivation
  4. They either change their input, change their outcome (eg pay), demonstrate cognitive distortion, leave the field, act on others, or change the object of comparison)
68
Q

What are the 2 things that generally lead to relationship breakdown?

A

Communication difficulties and lack of intimacy

PSY4407 (6 decks)

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