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MDC 1 Module 4,5,6 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system consist of?

A

Bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and connective tissues.

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2
Q

What are the primary functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A
  • Support and protection
  • Movement and mobility
  • Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
  • Mineral storage (calcium, phosphorus)
  • Energy storage (lipids in bone marrow)
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3
Q

What is the difference between cortical bone and cancellous bone?

A
  • Cortical bone: Compact, dense, provides strength
  • Cancellous bone: Spongy, lighter, houses bone marrow
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4
Q

What are osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes?

A
  • Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells
  • Osteoclasts: Bone-resorbing cells
  • Osteocytes: Mature bone cells regulating calcium and bone remodeling
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5
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A
  • Skeletal (voluntary)
  • Smooth (involuntary)
  • Cardiac (heart)
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6
Q

Define synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis joints.

A
  • Synarthrosis: Immovable joints (e.g., skull sutures)
  • Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joints (e.g., intervertebral joints)
  • Diarthrosis: Freely movable joints (e.g., knee, shoulder)
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7
Q

What subjective data should be collected during a musculoskeletal assessment?

A
  • Chief complaints (e.g., pain, weakness, stiffness)
  • History of present illness
  • Past medical history
  • Medication review
  • Family history
  • Lifestyle factors
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8
Q

What objective data should be collected during a musculoskeletal assessment?

A
  • Inspection: Posture, alignment, deformities
  • Palpation: Tenderness, warmth
  • Range of Motion (ROM): Active vs. passive movement
  • Strength Testing: Graded on a scale (0-5)
  • Neurovascular Assessment: 6 Ps (Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia)
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9
Q

What imaging studies are commonly used in musculoskeletal assessments?

A
  • X-ray
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  • Bone scan
  • DEXA scan
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10
Q

What laboratory tests are important for assessing bone metabolism?

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • Vitamin D
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • Rheumatoid factor
  • CK, myoglobin
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11
Q

What are common musculoskeletal disorders?

A
  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteoarthritis (OA)
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
  • Fractures
  • Muscle Atrophy
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12
Q

What nursing interventions are important for pain management in musculoskeletal disorders?

A
  • Analgesics (NSAIDs, opioids, muscle relaxants)
  • Heat/cold therapy
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13
Q

What is the primary concern when assessing a patient with a suspected musculoskeletal disorder?

A

Loss of sensation and pulselessness in an extremity.

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14
Q

True or False: Calcium intake should be limited in osteoporosis prevention.

A

False

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15
Q

What are key components of nursing interventions for osteoporosis?

A
  • Calcium and Vitamin D intake
  • Weight-bearing exercises
  • Fall prevention strategies
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis?

A
  • Fever
  • Swelling
  • Redness
  • Bone pain
  • Drainage
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17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Paget’s Disease?

A

Disorganized bone remodeling leading to weak, enlarged bones.

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • Symmetrical joint pain
  • Morning stiffness
  • Deformities
19
Q

What is the recommended treatment for an acute gout attack?

A
  • NSAIDs (Indomethacin)
  • Colchicine
20
Q

Fill in the blank: Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and increased _______.

A

fracture risk.

21
Q

What should be monitored in a patient taking bisphosphonates?

A

Monitoring for fractures, especially hip fractures.

22
Q

What lifestyle modifications are important for managing gout?

A
  • Low-purine diet
  • Increase hydration
  • Avoid alcohol
23
Q

What are the signs of neurovascular compromise?

A
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Pulselessness
  • Paresthesia
  • Paralysis
24
Q

What should a patient with osteoarthritis focus on for pain management?

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Weight loss
  • Low-impact exercises
25
What is the role of vitamin D in bone health?
Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone metabolism.
26
What is the primary goal in managing musculoskeletal disorders?
Prevent complications, promote mobility, manage pain, and educate patients.
27
What is osteomyelitis?
Infection of the bone. ## Footnote Osteomyelitis can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other pathogens.
28
What are common diagnostic tools for osteomyelitis?
Bone scan, MRI, or CT. ## Footnote These imaging techniques help visualize the extent of infection in the bone.
29
What is the typical management for osteomyelitis?
IV antibiotics (long-term, 4-6 weeks). ## Footnote This treatment involves prolonged use of intravenous antibiotics to eliminate the infection.
30
When is surgical debridement indicated in osteomyelitis?
If severe. ## Footnote Surgical intervention may be necessary to remove necrotic tissue.
31
What therapy is used for refractory cases of osteomyelitis?
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). ## Footnote HBOT can enhance healing in difficult cases of bone infection.
32
What characterizes septic arthritis?
Infection of a joint space (bacteria, fungi, viruses). ## Footnote Septic arthritis can result in significant joint damage if not treated promptly.
33
What are the common symptoms of septic arthritis?
Sudden onset joint pain, swelling, warmth, limited ROM. ## Footnote These symptoms indicate inflammation and infection in the joint.
34
How is septic arthritis diagnosed?
Synovial fluid aspiration (WBC > 50,000). ## Footnote High white blood cell counts in the synovial fluid suggest infection.
35
What is the management for septic arthritis?
IV antibiotics, joint drainage, immobilization. ## Footnote Effective management often requires a combination of these approaches.
36
What is the most common benign bone tumor?
Osteochondroma. ## Footnote Osteochondromas are usually painless and can occur in various locations in the body.
37
What is a characteristic of osteoid osteoma?
Pain at night, relieved by NSAIDs. ## Footnote This tumor typically causes nocturnal pain that responds to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
38
What is the most common primary bone cancer?
Osteosarcoma. ## Footnote Osteosarcoma is most prevalent in children and young adults, often affecting the long bones.
39
What type of bone tumor is Ewing’s Sarcoma?
Aggressive bone tumor, common in adolescents. ## Footnote Ewing's Sarcoma often requires aggressive treatment due to its invasive nature.
40
What is a characteristic of chondrosarcoma?
Cartilage tumor, slow-growing. ## Footnote Chondrosarcomas can be challenging to treat due to their slow progression.
41
What management strategies are used for bone tumors?
Surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation therapy. ## Footnote Treatment plans vary based on the type and stage of the tumor.
42
What may be necessary for advanced cases of bone tumors?
Amputation. ## Footnote In some cases, amputation is required to prevent further spread of the tumor.
43
Which instruction should the nurse provide to a postmenopausal woman prescribed alendronate?
Take with a full glass of water and remain upright for 30 minutes. ## Footnote This instruction helps prevent esophageal irritation associated with bisphosphonates.
44
Which laboratory finding indicates improvement in a patient with osteomyelitis receiving long-term IV antibiotics?
WBC count decreases from 15,000 to 8,000. ## Footnote A decrease in white blood cell count is a key indicator of resolution of infection.

MDC 1 Module 4,5,6 (6 decks)

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