Module 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Alveolar Hydatid Disease
A
- Common name: Tape worm
- Agent: parasite (achinococcus)
- Animal clinical signs: Infected dogs are usually asymptomatic, most cases confined to gastrointestinal tract
- Likely transit: dogs and cats
- Transit method: By directly ingesting food items contaminated with stool from foxes or coyotes, By petting or handling household dogs or cats infected
- Human symptoms: cysts in intestines, may not produce symptoms for years, pain or discomfort in upper abdominal, weight loss, may mimic liver disease
- Treatment: surgery
- Prevention: Don’t touch a fox, coyote, or other wild canine, dead or alive, unless you are wearing gloves, Don’t keep wild animals, especially wild canines, as pets or encourage them to come close to your home, don’t let pets eat rodents, wash hands
2
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Mange
A
- Agent: parasitic mite (sarcoptes scabiei)
- Animal clinical signs: constantly chew and scratch at skin, large amounts of hair loss, especially on the legs and belly
- Likely transit: dogs
- Transit method: direct contact with infected dog
- Human symptoms: itching and a skin rash, especially severe at night, pimple like itchy rash
- Treatment: scabicides (they kill scabies mites; some also kill mite eggs)
- Prevention: Wear PPE when handling/treating animals with mange, Practice good hygiene
3
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Toxoplasmosis
A
- Agent: Parasite (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Animal clinical signs: usually none
- Likely transit: cats
- Transit method: Accidental ingestion of oocysts after cleaning a cat’s litter box when the cat has shed Toxoplasma in its feces, touching or ingesting anything that has come into contact with a cat’s feces, ingestion of oocysts in contaminated soil, water contaminated with the Toxoplasma
- Human symptoms: usually no symptoms in healthy people, illness is a flu-like symptom that lasts some weeks
- Treatment: healthcare provider decides if treatment necessary, medication available for those with weakened immune systems, and pregnant people
- Prevention: Cook food to safe temperatures, avoid drinking untreated water, Wear gloves when gardening, Ensure that the cat litter box is changed daily
4
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Salmonellosis
A
- Agent: bacteria
- Animal clinical signs: Animals that do get sick from Salmonella might have diarrhea. Sick animals may seem more tired than usual and may vomit or have a fever.
- Likely transit: Poultry, wild birds, reptiles, amphibians, rodents, small mammals, farm animals
- Transit method: not washing their hands after contact with animals carrying Salmonella or items in their environment, such as their bedding, food, or tank water. reptiles and amphibians that live in tanks or aquariums can contaminate the water with Salmonella
- Human symptoms: sudden onset diarrhea 12-36 hours after ingestion, headache, abdominal pain, sometimes fever, usually self-limiting , rarely fatal
- Treatment: symptomatic with OTC, fluids, Iv fluids if needed
- Prevention: wash your hands for 20 seconds with soap and running water immediately after touching animals, their food or treats, items in their environments, and their poop. Never eat or drink around these animals, or in areas where they live and roam.
5
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Leptospirosis/lepto
A
- Agent: bacteria
- Animal clinical signs: rare and nonspecific. Signs reported in dogs: Fever, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Refusal to eat, Severe weakness and depression, Stiffness, Severe muscle pain, Inability to have puppies
- Likely transit: Cattle, horses, dogs, rodents
- Transit method: spread through the urine of infected animals, which can get into water or soil and can survive there for weeks to months
- Human symptoms: Illness usually begins abruptly with fever and other symptoms, can have two phases, the second more severe damaging kidneys
- Treatment: antibiotics
- Prevention: good hygiene , ppe
6
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Cryptosporidiosis/crypto
A
- Agent: protozoa
- Animal clinical signs: Young animals become ill most commonly and will have diarrhea, poor appetite, and weight loss. Can be fatal.
- Likely transit: reptiles, birds, and livestock
- Transit method: accidentally ingesting the infected fecal material
- Human symptoms: watery diarrhea and stomach cramps/pain.
- Treatment: most recover without, anti-diarrheal
- Preventions: wash hands with soap and water, masks in barns, stay away from farm pond
6
Q
- Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Ringworm
A
- Agent: fungi
- Animal clinical signs:
- 90% of cats show no signs
- Small (1-2 cm) scaly, hairless patches
- Likely transit: Dogs and cats (especially kittens and puppies), horses
- Transit method: Dogs and cats (especially kittens and puppies), horses
- Human symptoms: Itchy skin, Ring-shaped rash, Red, scaly, cracked skin, Hair loss
- Treatment: depends on its location, over the counter or prescribed antifungal
7
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Plague
A
- Agent: bacteria
- Animal clinical signs: non-specific, cats more susceptible , lethargy, depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, fever, enlarged or abscessed lymph nodes draining the site of exposure
- Likely transit: cats
- Transit method: most often transmitted by the bite of an infected flea. People and animals that visit places where rodents have recently died from plague are at risk of being infected from flea bites, handling tissue or body fluids of a plague-infected animal
- Human symptoms: Plague can take different clinical forms, but the most common are bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. sudden onset fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal and/or back pain, and weakness. Bubonic plague includes the development of characteristic buboes
- Treatment: antibiotics
- Prevention: reduce rodent presence, good hygiene, flea control, keep cats inside
8
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Lyme Disease
A
- Agent: bacteria
- Animal clinical signs: Lameness and joint pain (arthritis) may be seen. The “knee” and “elbow” are the most commonly affected and lameness
- Likely transit: dogs
- Transit method: bite of infected tick
- Human symptoms: vary from no illness to severe disease, fever, body aches, stiff neck and headache.
- Treatment: early diagnosis and antibiotic
- Prevention: tick prevention medication, keep away from wooded areas, check pets often, wear gloves with removing ticks
9
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Brucellosis/bangs disease
A
- Agent: bacteria
- Animal clinical signs: Most dogs infected with brucellosis show no signs of illness. However, brucellosis can lead to infertility, abortions, and infections of the reproductive organs. Brucellosis can cause an infection of the spinal bones and discs called diskospondylitis, or inflammation in the eye or brain.
- Likely transit: bison, elk, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, and dogs
- Transit method: eating or drinking unpasteurized/raw dairy products
- Human symptoms: flu-like symptoms, can become chronic, sometimes damage reproductive organs
- Treatment: antibiotics, not eating unpasteurized/ raw meat or dairy
10
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Cat Scratch Disease
A
- Agent: bacteria
- Animal clinical signs: most cats show no signs, can rarely cause inflammation of the heart
- Likely transit: cats (primarily kittens)
- Transit method: cat bite or scratch. Cat is infected by a flea
- Human symptoms: infected area may appear swollen and red with round, raised lesions and can have pus. A person with CSD may also have a fever, headache, poor appetite, and exhaustion
- Treatment: antibiotics not usually effective, analgesics and rest
- Prevention: keep cat claws reasonably short, discourage aggressive play, clean any scratches or wounds with soap and water.
11
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: MRSA
A
- Agent: bacteria
- Animal clinical signs: Crusts, bumps on the skin, Draining discharge from the skin or a wound, Hair loss or redness of the skin, Redness, discharge, or foul odor from the ear, Straining to urinate, blood in the urine, and an increase in thirst/urination if your pet has a urinary tract infection, Coughing, sneezing, difficulty breathing, and rapid breathing,
- Likely transit: dogs and cats
- Transit method: can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with the infected area or with contaminated items, such as bedding, food or water bowls or a toy with saliva on it
- Human symptoms: swelling, warmth, redness, and pain in infected skin
- Treatment: antibiotic
- Prevention: regular hand washing, clean toys and bedding, cover wounds until completely healed
12
Q
Identify and describe the following zoonotic disease: Rabies
A
- Agent: virus (lyssavirus)
- Animal clinical signs:
- Dumb form: Paralyzes muscles of head and neck, Can’t swallow – so they drool, Paralysis spreads until death
- Furious form: Aggressive behavior, May progress to the dumb form, Photophobia, hyperesthesia, Laryngeal paralysis, Inability to swallow, Lasts 1-7 days – ends in death
- Likely transit: Any warm-blooded mammal can carry or contract rabies, but the primary carriers in North America are bats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons and skunks.
- Transit method: direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes
- Human symptoms: The first symptoms of rabies may be similar to the flu, including weakness or discomfort, fever, or headache. There also may be discomfort, prickling, or an itching sensation at the site of the bite. These symptoms may last for days. The first symptoms of rabies may be similar to the flu, including weakness or discomfort, fever, or headache. There also may be discomfort, prickling, or an itching sensation at the site of the bite. These symptoms may last for days.
- Treatment: if you’ve been bitten or scratched, you should talk with a healthcare or public health professional to determine your risk for rabies, Wash any wounds immediately with soap and water and then plan to see a healthcare provider, See your doctor for attention for any trauma due to an animal attack before considering the need for rabies vaccination.
13
Q
- Identify methods of rabies prevention and control
A
- Vaccination
- Quarantine of animals that have bitten
- Necropsy and testing on wild animals that have bitten a human
- Avoiding wildlife that act “tame” or approach humans when they normally shouldn’t
14
Q
A
