Module 5

Question 1

Refers to values which patient results are compared to

Answer 1

Reference range

Question 2

The resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for approximately 12 hours

Answer 2

Basal state

Question 3

RBC and WBC values – normally ___ among newborns than in adults

Answer 3

Higher

Question 4

Kidney functions ___ with age

Answer 4

Decrease

Question 5

Test results for some blood analytes show significant variation at ___ elevations compared with results at ___

Answer 5

Higher; sea level

Question 6

3 analytes which increases with high altitude

Answer 6

1. RBC count
2. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels
3. Uric acid

Question 7

Analytes that decrease with high altitude

Answer 7

1. Urinary creatinine
2. Plasma renin

Question 8

Dehydration may happen with persistent vomiting or diarrhea, which causes ___

Answer 8

Hemoconcentration

Question 9

Condition in which blood components that cannot easily leave the bloodstream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume

Answer 9

Hemoconcentration

Question 10

Analytes that increase during dehydration

Answer 10

1. RBC
2. Enzyme
3. Iron
4. Calcium
5. Sodium
6. Coagulation factors (clotting factors)

Question 11

Dehydrated patients may not accurately reflect the patient’s ___ status

Answer 11

Normal

Question 12

It is often difficult to obtain ___ specimens from dehydrated patients

Answer 12

Blood

Question 13

T of F

Diet can alter blood analyte

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Fasting: Strictly no ingestion of food approximately ___

Answer 14

8-12 hours overnight

Question 15

• Fasting beyond 12 hours
• Can cause serious health problems

Answer 15

Overfasting

Question 16

T or F

Patients who fasted beyond 12 hours can be accepted for testing that requires fasting

Answer 16

False

Question 17

May be elevated in patients on high-protein diets

Answer 17

Ammonia, urea, and uric acid levels

Question 18

Increases with the consumption of beverages containing caffeine

Answer 18

Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels

Question 19

Increase dramatically with the ingestion of carbohydrates

Answer 19

Glucose (blood sugar) levels

Question 20

Glucose levels return to normal within ___ (time) if the patient has normal glucose metabolism

Answer 20

2 hours

Question 21

Eating carbohydrates can also increase ___ levels

Answer 21

Insulin

Question 22

Can decrease by drinking excessive amounts of water and other fluids

Answer 22

Hemoglobin

Question 23

• Abnormally increased blood lipid content
• Appear milky (cloudy white) or turbid

Answer 23

Lipemia

Question 23

Increase with ingestion of foods such as butter or margarine, etc.

Answer 23

Lipid levels

Question 24

Lipemia can be present for up to ___

Answer 24

12 hours

Question 25

Accurate testing of triglycerides requires a ___ (time) fast

Answer 25

12-hour

Question 26

Increased by chronic consumption or recent ingestion of large amounts of alcohol, which can also cause hypoglycemia

Answer 26

Triglycerides, certain liver enzymes, and other liver function analytes

Question 27

Effects of long-term starvation: Increased levels

Answer 27

1. Creatinine 2. Ketone 3. Uric acid

Question 28

Effects of long-term starvation: Decreased levels

Answer 28

1. Cholesterol 2. Triglycerides 3. Urea

Question 29

Drugs that interfere with BLOOD TESTS should be stopped or avoided ___ prior to obtaining blood samples for testing

Answer 29

4 to 24 hours

Question 30

Drugs that interfere with the URINE TESTS should be avoided for ___ prior to the urine sample collection

Answer 30

48 to 72 hours

Question 31

Elevated bilirubin which causes yellow skin

Answer 31

Jaundice

Question 32

Jaundice is also known as

Answer 32

Icterus

Question 33

From supine to an upright sitting or standing position causes decreases plasma volume in an adult up to ___

Answer 33

10 %

Question 34

RBC count may increase approximately ___ in a standing position

Answer 34

15 minutes

Question 35

Lipid profiles should be collected in a consistent manner after the patient has been either lying down or sitting quietly for a minimum of ___

Answer 35

5 minutes

Question 36

Extensive sweating without fluid replacement can cause ___

Answer 36

Hematoconcentration

Question 37

* Swelling caused by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues * IV infiltrates the surrounding tissues

Answer 37

Edema

Question 38

Swelling or mass of blood that can be caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel during a venipuncture

Answer 38

Hematoma

Question 39

Arterial line is most commonly placed in a ___

Answer 39

Radial artery

Question 40

* Permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein by direct infusion * Dialysis

Answer 40

Arteriovenous shunt, fistula, or grant

Question 41

A catheter or cannula connected to a stopcock or a cap with a diaphragm provides access for administering medication or drawing blood

Answer 41

Heparin or Saline lock

Question 42

Often placed in a vein in the lower arm above the wrist and can be left in place for up to 48 hours

Answer 42

Heparin or Saline lock

Question 43

Blood specimens should not be collected from a known previous IV site within ___ of the time the IV was discontinued

Answer 43

24 to 48 hours

Question 44

A central vascular access device (CVAD) is also called an ___

Answer 44

Indwelling line

Question 45

Having a ___ is practical for patients who need IV access for an extended time and is especially beneficial for patients who do not have easily accessible vein

Answer 45

CVAD

Question 46

3 types of CVAD

Answer 46

1. CVC or central venous line 2. Implanted port 3. PICC

Question 47

Line inserted into a large vein such as the subclavian and advanced into the superior vena cava, proximal to the right atrium

Answer 47

CVC or central venous line

Question 48

Small chamber attached to an indwelling line that is surgically implanted under the skin and most commonly located in the upper chest or arm

Answer 48

Implanted port

Question 49

Device is located by palpating the skin and accessed by inserting a special needle through the skin into the self-sealing septum (wall) of the chamber

Answer 49

Implanted port

Question 50

line inserted into the peripheral venous system and threaded into the central venous system

Answer 50

PICC