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biophysics finals > module 5 > Flashcards

module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

study of heat in motion

A

thermodynamics

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2
Q

branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy

A

thermodynamics

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3
Q

quantity of fixed mass under investigation

A

thermodynamic system

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4
Q

everything external to the system

A

surroundings

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5
Q

interface separating system and surroundings

A

system boundary

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6
Q

combination of system and surroundings

A

universe

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7
Q

2 important interactions between the system and its surroundings

A

heat can cross into the system
work can cross out of the system

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8
Q

3 types of thermodynamic system

A

closed system
open system
isolated system

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9
Q

the system of fixed mass across the boundary of which no mass transfer can take place

A

closed system

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10
Q

system across the boundary of which transfer of both mass as well as energy can take place across the boundary

A

open system

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11
Q

system in which both the mass as well as energy content remains constant

A

isolated system

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12
Q

a system which is not influenced by its surroundings

A

isolated system

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13
Q

is thermally isolated from its surroundings; there is no exchange of heat or matter but it is possible for system to do work on its surroundings

A

adiabatic system

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14
Q

present status of the system described in terms of observable macroscopic properties such as pressure, temperature, volume, and no. of moles

A

state of the system

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15
Q

characteristics by which the physical condition of the system is described

A

properties of the system

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16
Q

2 types of system properties

A

extensive and intensive

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17
Q

depends on the mass or quantity of the system

A

extensive properties of the system

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18
Q

mass, volume, enthalpy, internal energy, entropy

A

extensive properties of the system

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19
Q

do not depend on the quantity of matter of the system

A

intensive properties of the system

20
Q

freezing point temperature, boiling point, temperature of the system, density

A

intensive properties of the system

21
Q

state or condition in which no spontaneous or changes are observed with respect to time

A

equilibrium

22
Q

a succession of changes of state

A

process

23
Q

constant temperature

A

isothermal

24
Q

constant pressure

A

isobaric

25
Q

constant volume

A

isochoric

26
Q

a property of an object related to the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in that object

A

temperature

27
Q

two objects are in __________ if energy can be exchanged between them or there is energy transfer between them

A

thermal contact

28
Q

two objects are in _______ if they are in thermal contact and there is no net exchange of energy

A

thermal equilibrium

29
Q

a device calibrated to measure the temperature of an object

A

thermometer

30
Q

temperature scales

A

fahrenheit scale
celsius scale
kelvin scale

31
Q

is a lower limit of temperature which all energy possible has been removed from the molecules

A

absolute zero

32
Q

if the objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other

A

zeroth law of thermodynamics

33
Q

the energy that is transferred between a system and its environment because of temperature difference that exists between them

A

heat

34
Q

temperature difference is also called a

A

temperature gradient

35
Q

basic unit of heat

A

joule (J)

36
Q

amount of heat that it takes to increase the temperature of 1 g of water 1C and 15C

A

calorie (Cal)

37
Q

amount of heat transferred is determined using this expression

A

Q= mc△T

Q= amount of heat transferred
m= mass of the object
c= specific heat of the substance
△T= change in temperature

38
Q

indicates that object gained thermal energy from its surroundings; this would correspond to an increase in temperature

A

positive Q

39
Q

indicates that the object released thermal energy to its surrounding; this would correspond to decrease in temperature

A

negative Q

40
Q

3 heat transfer mechanisms

A
  • conduction
  • convection
  • radiation
41
Q

occurs between objects that are touching each other

A

conduction

42
Q

heat transfer caused by moving fluids

A

convection

43
Q

occurs without movement of matter

A

radiation

44
Q

↑ temperature

A

↑ metabolism

45
Q

↓ temperature

A

↓ metabolism

biophysics finals (3 decks)

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