Module 5

Question 1

What is the annual cycle?

Answer 1

series of inter-related physiological and behavioral events in the annual life cycle and range of animals

Question 2

what are potential risks to over-wintering?

Answer 2

risk of exposure, migrations, starvation, and predation

Question 3

Endogenous influeces

Answer 3

ability to fly, body condition, Zungunruhe (anxiety)

Question 4

exogenous influences

Answer 4

wind, temperature, lunar phases, ice/snow cover, cloud cover, clarity, social stimuli, food resource availability, hunting disturbances, etc.

Question 5

Weather Severity Index

Answer 5

calculated daily and selected maxima temperature and other metrics between consecutive duck surveys

Question 6

site fidelity

Answer 6

the tendency of individual waterfowl to return to and reuse specific locations (breeding or nesting sites) across different seasons or years.

Question 7

Site fidelity is generally more profound in…

Answer 7

geese and swans

Question 8

What are the costs of site fidelity?

Answer 8

Resource depletion upon arrival, inability to disperse to alternate habitat, increased risk of predation, increased vulnerability to harvest or predation

Question 9

What are the benefits of site fidelity?

Answer 9

local familiarity with wetlands, food and other ultimate resources

Question 10

What are focal SC areas?

Answer 10

• santee river delta
• santee-cooper lakes
• ACE basin
  ~ 30% of dabbling ducks in atlantic flyway winter in SC

Question 11

Food limitation hypothesis

Answer 11

population dynamics and reproductive success of waterfowl are influenced by the availability of food in their habitats

Question 12

What are the positive effects of Greentree Reservoir (GTRs) management?

Answer 12

Sustained, flooded wildlife habitat, water depth variable (if managed), food-water control, recreation and aesthetics, economically valuable for duck hunting

Question 13

Negative effects of GTR mis-management

Answer 13

• decreased waterfowl use
• decrease acorn production and viability
• decreased invertebrate biomass and diversity
• decreased radial tree growth

Question 14

Identify all metrics that the weather severity index model uses to predict migration patterns of mallards and other ducks.

Answer 14

Days below freezing, average daily temp, days with snow cover greater than 1 in, and snow depth

Question 15

Name one agricultural seed that significantly decreased mallard weights

Answer 15

soybean

Question 16

True or false: significant weight loss caused by ingesting soybeans was due to low metabolizable energy and protein by mallards fed this agricultural seed in a raw state

Answer 16

True!

Question 17

Is burning a useful practice to conserve waste rice and provide habitat for wintering waterfowl?

Answer 17

yes!

Question 18

Abundance of waste rice in Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) rice fields declines significantly during fall after harvest due to…

Answer 18

rice is planted early in spring, rice is harvested in early fall, herbivory, and decomposition of waste grain during fall

Question 19

Abundance of waste rice in Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) rice fields declines significantly during fall after harvest due to the following EXCEPT:

Answer 19

fall rains promote a ratoon crop in the MAV

Question 20

what are suitable foraging water depths for most dabbling duck and other waterbird species in managed and non-managed wetlands?

Answer 20

A range from mudflat to ~12-18inches

Question 21

cumulative movements by North American waterfowl from breeding to wintering grounds and returning to breeding grounds represent:

Answer 21

both fall-winter and spring migration

Question 22

Is more or less variety in relative water depth best to sustain ecological structure and function of forest communities in GTRs?

Answer 22

more

Question 23

endogenous influences of migration include:

Answer 23

Zungunruhe and body condition