Module 5 Flashcards
What gives someone a bitter taste gene?
PCT
Is PCT dominant or recessive?
Dominant
What is sickle cell anaemia?
Red blood cells that cannot carry oxygen
P+q=?
1
What is the assumptions of Hardy -Weinberg principle?
Random mating, reaches equilibrium etc
X2=sum(obs-exp)^2/exp
What is the equation for Hardy -Weinberg principle?
p^2 +2qp +q^2=1
What happens when non-random mating occurs?
Excess homozygous indivudals
What is fitness?
The ability to survive and produce (utilise resources, fitness through geneotype or phenotype)
How fitness synbalized?
W,
0=dies
1=1offspring etc
What is a growing population?
W>1
What is a stable population?
W=1
What is a declining population?
W<1
What does s measure?
selection coefficient?
What is directional selection?
Peak is moved left or right
What is disruptive selection?
Min peak where max peak
What is stabilising selection?
Peak is pinched in
How is more likely to be carries of sickle cell anaemia?
Heterozygous individuals (carries)
Balanced polymorphism?
p=t/(s+t)
How is mutation selection balanced reached equiblium?
elimination of deleterious alleles is = to new mutations
Does mutation increase or decrease heterozygosity?
Increase
Does drift increase or decrease heterozygosity?
Decrease
What is a non-synonymous mutation?
Changes amino acid
What is a synonymous mutation?
does not change an amino acid
Chromosomes are mosaics, what does this mean?
they depend on recombination, mutation, population and slection rates and time
In large population, new mutations are more likely to be neutral to the population, why is this?
More genetic variability in the population
What test for you use for neutrality?
Tajam’s D
Why are neutrality test important?
to make assumptions about the demography populations
How to determine species?
Cytogenetics
How does cytogenetics work?
Polytene chromosomes
How is nuclear DNA inherited?
Population size = 4Ne
How is Mitochondrial DNA inherited?
single lineage, Ne
