Module 4 Flashcards
What is a good genetic organism?
Fast-growing, easy to maintain, easy to mate and relatively simple.
What does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered Regulation Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
How does CRISPR edit DNA?
Synthetic guide finds target molecule, cuts off, replaced by healthy copy
What is saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Yeast
What is yeasted used for?
Studying gene interactions and finding mutate genes
What is Caenorhabditis elegans?
A little worm thing
What is Caenorhabditis elegans used for?
Model development, RNA interference,
What is the fruit fly used for?
Fundamental aspects of development and HOX genes.
What is Danio Rerio used for?
Development of eye and model for human disease.
What are mice used for?
Genetic basis of skin colour, testing carcinogen, and model for mammalian development
What is forward genetics?
genetic mapping
What is reverse genetics?
Genes to plants
What is EMS?
Eythl methanesulfonate
What do we do with EMS?
Feed flies and worms, treat seeds, analyse phenotypes of M2 generations etc
What is insertional mutagenesis?
Plasmid is removed from a bacterium, T-DNA is cut by restriction enzyme, foreign DNA is cut, foreign DNA is inserted, plasmid reinstated into a bacterium
What does insertional mutagenesis do?
The foreign DNA is inserted into replicated, a plant is born with this DNA
What is an allele?
Forms of genes at a given locus on a chromosome
What does epistatic mean?
One gene is modified by the expression of another
Gene for flower colour and pollen length linked or unlinked?
Linked
What is coupling recombination and repulsion recombination?
coupling - A-B, a-b
Repulsion - A-B, a-b
Is recombination a rare event?
Yes
How does recombination rates help creating genetic map?
If there is 18% recombination rate, the distance can be expressed at 18 map units.
How to calculate map distance?
Number of recombinants/ total
What is cross over interference?
One cross over event that may prevent another from occurring nearby (<20cM)
What is I=1-c?
c=obs freq of doc/exp are of dco
What is association mapping?
Replies on population history
What is qualitative traits?
Simple inheritance patterns e.g. red or white flowers
What is quantitative traits?
Complex inheritance patterns e.g. height in people
Complex inheritance facts
Repsond to selection, statistical methods used,
What are environmental effects?
Changes in environment/microenvironment
How do we calculate represented as deviations from population mean?
T=u+g+e
u=pop mean
g=deviation from mean due to genetic factors
e=deviation from mean due to environmental factors
What is Vt=Vg+ve
Vt= total phenotypic variance
vg=genetic variance
Ve=environmental variance
To estimate average variances of two parental populations
Ve=(Va+Vb+Vf1)/3
Finish calculations in lecture 23
What is a locus?
Genes position on a chromosome
Lecture 24?
