Module 5

Question 1

Reproduction

Answer 1

the dominant ways in a society that people come into and leave the world through births and deaths

Question 2

Demography

Answer 2

the study of population dynamics examining fertility rates, mortality and migration

Question 3

Fertility

Answer 3

rate of population increase through reproduction

Question 4

Mortality

Answer 4

rate of population decline due to old age or particular causes

Question 5

Migration

Answer 5

movement of people to another area

Question 6

Reproduction in foraging societies

Answer 6

• low population growth and moderate birth and death rates
• seasonal mobility is facilitated by small number of children born/ year
• model due to economic and ecological factors

Question 7

Ecological Factors

Answer 7

Low-fat diets of women, prolonged breastfeeding, feast or famine conditions

Question 8

Economic Factors

Answer 8

Long birth intervals, induced abortion and infanticide, heavy workloads and nomadic lifestyle

Question 9

Reproduction in Agricultural Societies

Answer 9

• high population growth rate due to high fertility than mortality rates
• childrens labor highly valued
• pronatalism (ideology promoting high fertility)
• sedentary lifestyle

Question 10

3 Major demographic transitions in history

Answer 10

1) foraging (low population)- x10 increase
2) horticulture/pastoralism (moderate)- x5 increase
3) agriculture (high population)-

Question 11

decision making regarding value of children

Answer 11

• children’s labor value
• children’s value as old age supporters
• infant and child mortality rates
• economic cost of having and raising children