Module 4.2 - Anatomy of the Blood Flashcards
What type of tissue is blood?
connective tissue
What are the 2 main portions of blood?
plasma(liquid) and formed elements(cell portion)
What do the formed elements consist of?
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platlets
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
serum has the clotting proteins removed
How is serum created?
by letting blood sit and clot, then centrifuging the sample to separate the liquid and solid portions
What are the 3 main functions of blood plasma?
pH buffer of blood keeping it near 7.4, assists in transporting large molecules and blood clotting, and maintains blood’s osmotic pressure (because of proteins in plasma)
osmotic pressure
net pressure in blood that moves fluid from tissue into the circulatory system
How is osmotic pressure driven?
by proteins in the plasma that remain in the capillaries. In the case of blood at the capillaries, water has an automatic tendency to flow towards the proteins, pulling fluids back into the circulatory system.
Hydrostatic pressure
opposed by osmotic pressure, pushes fluid into tissues by pressure of blood pumping
What is the other name for Red Blood cells? What are they?
erythrocytes. Small biconcave disks that carries oxygen
hemoglobin
molecule that contains iron, which combines loosely with oxygen, helping to carry oxygen in the blood
What is the relative amount of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood?
RBC are the most abundant cell in the blood. There are 4 million to 6 million RBC per 1.0 mm3of whole blood. Each RBC contains about 250 million hemoglobin molecules
Where are RBC manufactured?
red bone marrow of skull, ribs, vertebrae, and end of long bones
What must RBC do before they are released into the blood?
become anucleate and synthesize hemoglobin
How long do RBC live and where are they destroyed?
120 days. Liver and spleen
What happens to the hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed?
it is released. The iron is recycled and returned to red bone marrow for reuse and the heme portion undergoes chemical degradation and so it is excreted by the liver as bile pigments
What is the other name for platlets and what process are they apart of?
thrombocytes. Coagulation (blood clotting)
Are platlets true cells?
No. they are cell fragments from megakaryocytes, which are large bone marrow cells
How do platlets function?
stop bleeding of broken blood vessels by sticking to the edge of wound, partially sealiing the leak, then release chemicals to help signal the coagulation cascade
coagulation cascade
a series of events to start the blood clotting mechanism, started by the chemicals released by the platlets sticking to blood vessel tear
fibrinogen
a protein, specifically a pre-enzyme, involved in blood clotting that is manufactured by liver and floats freely in the blood
prothrombin activator
clotting factor released by platlets and injured tissues that converts prothrombin to thrombin
thrombin
helps convert fibrinogen to active fibrin
fibrinogen
threads that wind around the platlet plug and provide the framework for the clot
What happens to RBC during clotting?
they get trapped within the fibrin threads, which makes clot appear red
platlet plug
network of fibrin platlets that work together to stop bleeding
plasmin
an enzyme that destroys the fibrin network and restores the fluidity of plasma as soon as blood vessel repair is initiated
What is special about the shape of platlets?
they change o a shape with spikes as the adhere to tear in vessel and release their contents, this helps them connect to one another
