Module 4: The Early National Era Flashcards
Presidential Election of 1800
Democrat-Republicans: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, Federalist: John Adams and Charles C. Pickney. Federalists lost but there was a tie between the Democratic-Republicans, it was given to the House of Representatives to decide, and then Hamilton eventually decided to make Jefferson the third President of the U.S. Important because: it led to the creation of the 12th amendment. It was the first out of two instances where the House had to decide the fate. It was the first peaceful transfer of power between the parties
Marbury v. Madison
Established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. Through this holding (decision), Marbury established the concept of “judicial review”, now the Supreme Court’s most critical function. It made the SC an equal branch of government– EQUAL to congress and to the President and can say if something is unconstitutional.
Louisiana Purchase
The trade of land from the French to the U.S. for $15 million. Livingston and Monroe agreed to this before Jefferson could approve it, but he loved it at first. He then realized that it may be considered unconstitutional, so he argued that it was a “treaty” because the president had powers to agree to treaties.
War of 1812
Chesapeake Affair
The “Chesapeake-Leopard Affair” took place on June 21, 1807, when the British warship HMS Leopard boarded the American USS Chesapeake, which surrendered after firing only one shot.
Battle of Tippecanoe
The defeat at Tippecanoe prompted Tecumseh to ally his remaining forces with Great Britain during the War of 1812, where they would play an integral role in the British military success in the Great Lakes region in the coming years.
Warhawks Creek War
War that resulted in U.S. victory over Creek Indians, who were British allies during the War of 1812, resulting in vast cession of their lands in Alabama and Georgia.
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Jackson’s superior numbers (3,000 to 1,000) and armaments (including cannon) demolished the Creek defenses, slaughtering more than 800 warriors and imprisoning 500 women and children. The power of the Indians of the Old Southwest was broken.
Treaty of Ghent
It ended the War of 1812, fought between Great Britain and the United States.
Battle of New Orleans
General Andrew Jackson’s hastily assembled army won the day against a battle-hardened and numerically superior British force. The resounding American victory at the Battle of New Orleans soon became a symbol of American democracy triumphing over the old European ideas of aristocracy and entitlement.
Era of Good Feelings
The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes between it and the dominant Democratic-Republican Party during the First Party System.
Market Revolution
A theory in which the United States shifted from a traditional, moral economy to a more modern free-market capitalist system. A moral economy can have many broad definitions depending on the society.
American System
This “System” consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other “internal improvements” to develop profitable markets for agriculture.
McCulloch v. Maryland
The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.
Hartford Convention
In December 1814, party delegates secretly debated—and rejected—secession; instead, they drafted constitutional amendments strengthening state controls over commerce and militias
