Module 4 - Sport, Violence, and Peace Education

Question 1

Why are forms of inequity and oppression in and around sport seem to persist and be perpetuated?

Answer 1

• Social Movements are only sometimes effective
• People not always well-positioned for activism

Question 2

Are social movements linked to other forms of activism?

Answer 2

• Commonly linked with forms of peace education

Question 3

What are the assumptions for peace education?

Answer 3

• Critically-oriented education can help understand problems
• Social movement entrepreneurs are key figures

Question 4

Who is Antonio Gramsci?

Answer 4

Theorist Activist
- 1891-1937
- Coined the term “Hegemony”
- Explained unequal power relations

Question 5

What does Hegemony mean?

Answer 5

• Power or dominance of one social group over others

Question 6

Is the dominance in hegemony consensual? How?

Answer 6

Yes
- Not Coercive
- Culture used to ‘manufacture consent
- Concessions made by dominant groups

Question 7

What is an example of hegemony?

Answer 7

• Women granted concessions in sport
• As long as traditional gender roles went undisturbed

Question 8

What is Ironic Activism?

Answer 8

• When we try to solve a social problem but inadvertently make the problem worse or create new problems

Question 9

What is peace education?

Answer 9

• Refers to teachers teaching about peace

Question 10

What does peace education teach about?

Answer 10

• What peace is
• why peace does not exist
• How to achieve peace
• Development of non-violent skills
• Promoting peaceful attitudes

Question 11

What is Praxis?

Answer 11

• Reflection and action upon the world in order to transform it

Question 12

What are some peace education topics?

Answer 12

• Conflict Transformation
• International Education
• Environmental Education
• Media Literacy
• Human Rights Education
• Global Education
• Critical Pedagogy or Development Education

Question 13

What is Critical Pedagogy?

Answer 13

• education that is focused on understanding how & why some groups are marginalized

Question 14

What does Critical Pedagogy teach?

Answer 14

• How society’s institutions and our taken-for-granted belief systems may be perpetuating problems
• Empowered by awareness is to ‘act, interrupt the reproduction of the status quo’

Question 15

What does Critical Pedagogy teach?

Answer 15

• How society’s institutions and our taken-for-granted belief systems may be perpetuating problems
• Empowered by awareness is to ‘act, interrupt the reproduction of the status quo

Question 16

Who is Paulo Freire? How does he view critical pedagogy?

Answer 16

Figure promoting education for impoverished workers in Brazil
- Pedagogy of the oppressed
- was concerned about lack of protest/critique from most oppressed

Question 17

What is critical to Freire’s argument?

Answer 17

Critical Consciousness
- Working towards it

Question 18

Describe Wendy Frisby and ‘action’ research.

Answer 18

• Barriers faced by low-income women
• Lack of funding for programmes to support ‘unprofitable’ groups

Question 19

What are some examples of Environment, Activism, and Peace Education?

Answer 19

• Al Gore - An inconvenient Sequel - Movie Trailer
• Mount Gariwang: An Olympic Casualty
• Jane Goodall Institute

Question 20

What is the Jane Goodall Institute?

Answer 20

• Global Community Conservation Organization
• Advances the vison and work of Dr. Jane Goodall
• Protecting Chimpanzees and inspiring people to conserve natural world
• Improve lives of people, animals, and environment

Question 21

How do you connect ‘peace education’ with sport-related violence?

Answer 21

• Violence committed by male athletes against women
• Evidence that in certain all-male settings where a hyper-masculine form of identity is privileged
• Violence against women normalized or tolerated, or not challenged/reported

Question 22

How is male athlete violence against women connected to a broader problem?

Answer 22

• Male violence and cultural messages about masculinity

Question 23

What are the 3 points on athlete male violence?

Answer 23

1. ‘codes of masculinity’ develop in all male settings
2. Male Athletes who successfully align with ‘masculinity’ are revered
3. Revered athletes develop sense of privilege

Question 24

Describe the ‘codes of masculinity’ that develop in some all-male settings.

Answer 24

• Forms of violence/hazing unquestioned or tolerated
• close-knit subcultures uncritically follow group norms as a way of reducing conflict & promoting cohesion

Question 25

What is “groupthink”?

Answer 25

• refers to ways that closed, close-knit subcultures uncritically follow group norms

Question 26

What form of masculinity is perpetuated in male athlete groups?

Answer 26

• Strength
• Toughness
• Sexual Prowess
• Values of hegemonic features maintained

Question 27

What does hubris mean?

Answer 27

• an expression of uniqueness and accompanying sense of being separate from and above the rest of the community

Question 28

Why might athletes on some teams in some cultures develop a sense of hubris?

Answer 28

• They are revered for aligning with a specific form of masculinity