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FOR 350 - Silviculture > Module 4: Site Prep & Artificial Regen > Flashcards

Module 4: Site Prep & Artificial Regen Flashcards

1
Q

What is forest site preparation?

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2
Q

What are 5 objectives of forest site preparation?

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3
Q

What are 3 categories of forest site prep and what is each for?

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4
Q

What are 3 types of manual competition control?

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5
Q

Describe shearing. What are its benefits and what can it be used for?

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6
Q

Describe drum chopping and its benefits

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7
Q

Describe rake-and-pile. What is it used for? What are its benefits? Potential problems and countermeasures?

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8
Q

What is mastication and what is it used for?

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9
Q

Describe disking, its benefits, and a potential risk.

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10
Q

Describe bedding. What are 3 general benefits, and 3 benefits specific to uplands? How long should you wait between bedding and planting?

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11
Q

Describe subsoiling (or ripping) and its benefits

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12
Q

What’s an example of a combination treatment method of mechanical site prep?

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13
Q

What are 4 reasons for using chemical site prep?

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14
Q

What are 6 advantages to using chemical site prep?

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15
Q

Herbicide labels are required legal documents. Describe this, and what 5 things are listed on the label.

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16
Q

Describe the toxicity of herbicides that are used in forestry. How do they affect plants and animals? What does LD50 mean?

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17
Q

What are the 3 categories of herbicide application methods? What are specific techniques in each one?

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18
Q

What are herbicide tank mixes? Why use them? Most common application methods? How long to wait after application of soil-active chemicals before planting? Common Rx method often used?

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19
Q

What are 5 primary and 3 secondary uses for prescribed fire in site prep?

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20
Q

What are 4 factors that will influence the effects of a prescribed fire? What are 4 points to consider with regards to timing a burn?

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21
Q

What’s the fire triangle? What are the 3 environmental elements that affect fire behavior?

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22
Q

What are the 6 factors that affect how fuels burn in a fire?

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23
Q

What is fuel moisture?

A

The amount of water in a fuel expressed as a percentage of the oven-dry weight of that fuel

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24
Q

What are the 7 fuel type models?

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25
Q

What is fuel moisture time lag, and what are the approximate sizes of 1, 10, 100, and 1000-hour fuels?

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26
Q

What is fuel loading?

A

The quantity of fuels in an area, usually expressed in tons per acre.

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27
Q

Explain horizontal and vertical fuel continuity

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28
Q

What are ground fuels?

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29
Q

What are surface fuels?

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30
Q

What are aerial fuels?

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31
Q

What are the 4 main weather factors that affect fire behavior? What are 6 ways wind speed/direction affect fire behavior?

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32
Q

How does topography affect fire behavior?
Aspect
Slope
Canyons/Chimneys
Mountains
Elevation

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33
Q

What is fire intensity, and what 3 fuel-related things influence it?

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34
Q

What is flame length?

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35
Q

What is rate of spread and what are its 3 main influences? What is fireline intensity?

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36
Q

Describe these types of typical fire behavior
Running
Creeping
Smoldering
Spotting
Spot fires
Fire brand

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37
Q

Describe these types of extreme fire behavior
Torching
Crowning
Flareup
Blowup
Fire whirls

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38
Q

What are 7 important steps that must be taken before lighting a prescribed fire?

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39
Q

What are 5 potential challenges in using prescribed burning?

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40
Q

What are 14 principles of smoke management?

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41
Q

List 4 handheld ignition devices and 2 aerial ignition techniques

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Aerial: Helitorch, Delayed aerial ignition device (ping-pong balls), lightning (natural)

42
Q

What are 5 typical prescribed fire ignition patterns?

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43
Q

Describe a backing fire and what are its 5 advantages?

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44
Q

What are 5 characteristics of a headfire?

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45
Q

What is a common ignition method for controlling the intensity of headfires?

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46
Q

Describe 4 characteristics of the spotfire technique, and what ignition type might result in this pattern

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47
Q

Describe a flankfire, conditions required for its use, and what it might be used for

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48
Q

What are 6 reasons for using artificial regeneration?

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49
Q

What are 3 considerations that must be made before choosing artificial regeneration?

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50
Q

What are 4 considerations for species selection when using artificial regeneration?

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51
Q

What are 3 genetic considerations when choosing sources for artificial regeneration?

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52
Q

What type of seedlings are typically used in the central and southern US? What are 1-0, 1-1, and 2-0 seedlings?

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53
Q

What characteristics should be considered with regards to seedling quality? How tall should hardwood seedlings be? How should hardwood bare-root seedlings be harvested and stored?

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54
Q

What are 5 advantages and 2 disadvantages of containerized seedlings?

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55
Q

What are 8 nursery practices used to influence seedling quality?

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56
Q

What temperature and humidity should seedlings be stored at? How should the roots be packed? Water and air circulation needs? What state should they be in before storage? What’s the longest they should be stored (packaged, cooled, or sealed in bags/boxes)?

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57
Q

How should seedlings be loaded for transport? What types of trucks are acceptable?

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58
Q

What are 6 best practices for care of seedlings at the planting site before they are planted?

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59
Q

What conditions should cause postponement of planting? How deep should the seedlings be planted? How many seedlings should be carried outside the planting pack at a time? How should roots be cared for while planting (4 things)? What should a planting supervisor check for? Should you cover the top of a containerized seedling plug with soil when planting?

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60
Q

What are the advantages of each: machine vs. hand planting?

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61
Q

What are 4 common hand tools for planting trees?

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62
Q

How do you use a dibble bar?

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63
Q

What’s the best timing, weather conditions, and spacing for planting in the central hardwood region?

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64
Q

What is underplanting and what are uses for it? What 2 things determine the performance of the seedlings after planting? What other silvicultural treatments are often associated with it?

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65
Q

What is direct seeding? Is it used in the central hardwood region? How has it been used for advance reproduction of oaks?

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66
Q

What are 5 steps to a successful direct seeding operation?

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67
Q

What are 3 advantages of direct seeding? What are 6 disadvantages?

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68
Q

What are considerations for a fall direct seeding operation vs a late winter/early spring operation?

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69
Q

What is the general rule of thumb for sowing depth of seeds? What are the risks of planting too shallow or too deep?

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70
Q

What are 3 patterns and methods of dissemination when direct seeding?

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71
Q

What are the 4 main steps of planning an artificial regeneration operation?

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72
Q

How should grass and woody competition be managed post-planting, and for how many years?

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73
Q

After planting, when should mowing be considered? What are the only 3 things mowing should be used for? What are 2 reasons mowing should be avoided if possible?

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74
Q

Why should vines be controlled if they are present in or between rows after planting? How can the best control of vine, tree, and shrub competition be achieved? What if competitive trees are present right next to the newly planted seedlings?

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75
Q

How should established tree plantings be rescued from broadleaf herbaceous weeds if the trees are fully overtopped by the competition? What if they aren’t yet overtopped?

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76
Q

How should established tree plantings be rescued from grass competition?

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FOR 350 - Silviculture (5 decks)

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