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CEGEOLO EV > (MODULE 4) SEDIMENTARY ROCKS > Flashcards

(MODULE 4) SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Flashcards

1
Q

how are sedimentary rock formed from igneous rock?

A

igneous rock undergoes weathering and erosion which turns it into sediments. those sediments undergo lithification (cemented or consolidated) and formed into a sedimentary rock

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2
Q

___ is the collective name for loose, solid particles of mineral originating from weathering and erosion (detrital) and precipitation (chemical)

A

sediment

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3
Q

the chemical, physical, and biological changes that take place after sediments are deposited.

A

diagenesis

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4
Q

diagenesis includes:
1.
2.

A
  1. recrystallization
  2. lithification
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5
Q

development of more stable minerals from less stable ones.

A

recrystallization

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6
Q

sediments are transformed into solid rock by either compaction or cementation

A

lithification

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7
Q

natural cements include ___, ___, and ___

A

calcite, silica, and iron oxide

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8
Q

during this type of lithification, pressure compacts and rearranges loosely packed, fine clay-size particles to create sedimentary rocks.

A

compaction

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9
Q

during this type of lithification, silica- and calcite-rich material fill the pore space of course-grained particles and clues them together.

A

cementation

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10
Q

eroded mineral grains

transported sediment as solid particles; fragments of preexisting rocks

A

detrital sedimentary rocks

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11
Q

minerals precipitated from low-temperature solution

sediment that was once in solution

A

chemical sedimentary rocks

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12
Q

consolidation of organic remains of plants

formed from the carbon-rich remains of organisms

A

organic sedimentary rocks

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13
Q
  1. ___: compressed but still has water in it
  2. ___: compressed to the point where the water is squeezed out
A
  1. compression
  2. consolidation
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14
Q

clay-sized particles in thin layers (laminea) which split into layers (fissility)

also the most common sedimentary rock

A

shale

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15
Q

sedimentary rock which breaks into chunks or blocks

A

mudstone

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16
Q

composed of silt-size particles. lacks fissility.

A

siltstone

17
Q

composed of sand-sized particles, quartz is the predominant mineral

A

sandstone

18
Q

consists of rounded gravels; often has a similar appearance to concrete

A

conglomerate

19
Q

composed mainly of large angular particles and fragments which have not been rounded

A

breccia

20
Q

common detrital rocks (sedimentary rocks from weathering)
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. shale
  2. sandstone
  3. conglomerate & breccia
21
Q

common chemical rocks (precipitated from a low temperature aqueous environment)
1. ___
2. ___
3. ___
4. ___

A
  1. limestone (biochemical, inorganic)
  2. dolostone
  3. chert
  4. evaporites
22
Q

chemical rocks

cementation of shells and shell fragments accumulated on shallow sea floor near shore

A

coquina

23
Q

chemical rocks

light-colored, porous, very fine-grained variety of bioclastic limestone that forms from the seafloor accumulation of microscopic marine organisms that drift near the sea surface.

A

chalk

24
Q

chemical rocks

type of limestone seen in caves

A

travertine

25
Q

chemical rocks

formed by cementation of sand-sized ooids or small spheres of calcite

A

oolithic limestone

26
Q

chemical rocks

how do you differentiate dolostone and limestone?

A

limestone fizzes when poured with acid, dolostone doesn’t react visibly

27
Q

chemical rocks

compact and hard rocks made of microcrystalline quartz

A

chert

28
Q

chemical rocks

a form of banded chert

A

agate

29
Q

chemical rocks

evaporation triggers deposition of chemical precipitates, forming

A

evaporites

30
Q

how is coal formed?

A
  1. accumulation of plant remains in a swampy environment makes peat
  2. peat is buried and transformed into lignite (soft brown coal)
  3. further burial forms bituminous coal, the source of coal energy
  4. metamorphism makes anthracite coal
31
Q

two major textures are used in the classification of sedimentary rocks:
1.
2.

A
  1. clastic
  2. non-clastic
32
Q

pattern of fragments and particles, detrital rocks fall under this classification

A

clastic texture

33
Q

pattern of interlocking crystals, resembling igneous rock

A

non-clastic texture

CEGEOLO EV (14 decks)

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