(MODULE 1) INTRO TO PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

Question 1

___ deals with the physical forces and processes that bring about changes in the earth’s crust or to the surface of the earth on account of their prolonged existence and action.

Answer 1

Physical Geology

Question 2

___ deals with the internal dynamics of the earth. It is concerned with the movement of earth’s crust, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions form the preview of this branch.

Answer 2

Endogenous Geology

Question 3

___ deals with external dynamics. It is focused on the formation and development of seas, rivers, streams, landforms (underground water), erosion, weathering, and all sedimentary and allied processes.

Answer 3

Exogenous Geology

Question 4

The ___ refers to the solid parts of the Earth between atmosphere and oceans - rocks and soil and other inorganic earth material.

Answer 4

Geosphere

Question 5

___ is a mixture of decomposed and disintegrated rock, (from geosphere) and organic matter (from biosphere), through its exposure to air (atmosphere) and water (hydrosphere).

Answer 5

Soil

Question 6

Altitude of continents above ocean floor.

Answer 6

15,250 feet

Question 7

The outer layer of rock, which forms a thin skin on Earth’s surface.

Answer 7

crust

Question 8

Lies below the crust, which is a thick shell of rock that separates the crust above from the core below.

Answer 8

Mantle

Question 9

The central zone of Earth. It is metallic and is the source of Earth’s magnetic field.

Answer 9

core

Question 10

the outer shell of Earth that is relatively strong and brittle.

Answer 10

lithosphere

Question 11

the bottom portion of the mantle, soft and therefore flows more readily than the underlying mantle.

Answer 11

asthenosphere

Question 12

the lower mantle. Very hot, with gradual flow of convection currents, a circulation pattern in which low-density material rises and high-density material sinks.

Answer 12

mesosphere

Question 13

the innermost layer of the earth. It has different mechanical strengths. Outer - liquid, generates Earth’s magnetic field and Inner - solid, behaves as solid due to pressure.

Answer 13

core

Question 14

the idea that continents move freely over Earth’s surface, changing their positions relative to one another.

Answer 14

continental drift

Question 15

The forces generated inside the Earth as the effect of internal heat are called ___.

Answer 15

tectonic forces

Question 16

the study of the origin and arrangement of the broad structural features of Earth’s surface, including not only folds and faults but also mountain belts, continents, and earthquake belts.

Answer 16

tectonics

Question 17

What do tectonic forces cause?

Answer 17

1. deformation of rock
2. vertical and horizontal movement of the portion of the earth’s crust

Question 18

When was the theory of plate tectonics published?

Answer 18

1915

Question 19

a boundary between plates that are moving apart

it can occur in the middle of the ocean or in the middle of a continent. This results in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor and can cause moderate earthquake.

Answer 19

divergent plate boundary

Question 20

this boundary lies between plates that are moving toward each other

resulting to destruction of ocean floor, creation and growth of mountain range with volcanoes. This results to Earth’s greatest earthquakes and tsunamis.

Answer 20

convergent plate boundary

Question 21

a boundary at which two plates move horizontally past each other.

No creation or destruction of lithosphere and results to small to large earthquake.

Answer 21

transform plate boundary