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CIVL3420 > Module 4: Road Safety > Flashcards

Module 4: Road Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is Haddon’s matrix?

A

Phases: Before Crash, In Crash, After Crash
Factors: Human, Vehicle, Road

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2
Q

What are the 2 methods of calculating crash cost?

A
  • Human capital (health, injury, death, legal costs)

- Willingness to pay (value of human life)

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3
Q

What does the road safety strategy involve?

A
  • Exposure control
  • Crash prevention
  • Injury control
  • Behaviour
  • Post-injury
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4
Q

What are principles for safe design?

A
  • Match road design to purpose
  • Minimise conflict points
  • Manage for crash severity
  • Speed management
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5
Q

What is DCA?

A

Definition for Coding Accidents

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6
Q

What are some examples of countermeasures?

A
  • median installation
  • pedestrian signals
  • roundabout
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7
Q

What is the current road safety target?

A

Reduce fatalities by 30% by 2020 (from 2010)

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8
Q

What are the 4 objectives of road safety?

A
  1. Safe roads
  2. Safe speeds
  3. Safe vehicles
  4. Safe people
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9
Q

What are some examples of interventions?

A

Manage exposure: increase walking, reduce cars, safe walking routes
Road design: medians, barriers, lower speed limits, sight distance
Traffic calming: narrowing, speed humps, raised crossings, chicanes
Education: road users, engineers

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10
Q

What is a road safety audit?

A

Formal examination of roadway project, assessing the crash potential and safety performance, giving reports on potential safety problems
- risk based, proactive approach to avoid potential crashes

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11
Q

What are the percentages of the 3 contributing factors in road crashes?

A

Human (93-94%)
Road (28-34%)
Vehicle (8-12%)
however, often more than one factor is involved

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12
Q

What are the 4 principles of Vision Zero?

A
  1. Ethics
  2. Responsibility
  3. Safety
  4. Mechanisms of change
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13
Q

What are the aspects of risk?

A

Risk = probability x exposure x outcome

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14
Q

What is the purpose of a road safety audit?

A
  • minimise risk & severity of crashes
  • consideration of measures to eliminate/reduce problems
  • reduce need for costly remedial work
  • promotion of safe design practices
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15
Q

What are the 5 stages that a road safety audit should be conducted?

A
  1. Feasibility stage
  2. Preliminary design stage
  3. Detailed design stage
  4. Pre-opening / Construction stage
  5. Existing roads
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16
Q

What is the road safety audit process?

A
  1. Select audit team
  2. Review documents & background
  3. Conduct field reviews
  4. Draft report
  5. Completing meeting
  6. Follow up
  7. Implement changes
17
Q

What are the 4 categories & descriptions for crash frequency?

A

Frequent: once or more per week
Probable: once or more per year
Occasional: once every 5 or 10 years
Improbable: less than once every 10 years

18
Q

What are the 4 categories & descriptions for crash severity?

A

Catastrophic: likely multiple deaths
Serious: likely death or serious injury
Minor: likely minor injury
Limited: likely trivial injury or property damage only

19
Q

What are the levels of risk? What are the treatments for each level?

A

Intolerable: must be corrected
High: should be corrected or risk significantly reduced, even if cost is high
Medium: should be corrected or risk significantly reduced if cost is moderate
Low: should be corrected or risk significantly reduced if cost is low

20
Q

What are the 5 aspects of a safe road environment?

A

Guide: road users through unusual sections of route
Warn: road users of any possible substandard features
Inform: road users of the type of unusual conditions likely to be encountered
Control: road users through conflict points
Forgive: road users’ inappropriate behaviour

21
Q

What are the road safety principles?

A
  • design for road users
  • design for safe speeds
  • design for pedestrians
  • design for cyclists & motorcycles
  • road design
  • road signs, markings & delineation
  • roadside safety
  • traffic management
  • road works & maintenance
22
Q

What are the 5 crash codings?

A

K-1: fatal (killed or died within 30 days)
HA-2: injury requiring hospital admission (inpatient)
MT-3: injury requiring medical treatment (outpatient)
INT-4: injury not requiring medical treatment other than first aid
NI-5: non-injury

23
Q

What are the steps for treatment of crash locations?

A
  1. decide criteria for crash locations
  2. list crash locations to investigate
  3. obtain relevant information
  4. diagnose the problems
  5. select the countermeasures
  6. prepare a preliminary design
  7. establish the benefits & costs
24
Q

What are the criteria for selecting countermeasures?

A
  • technical feasibility
  • economic efficiency
  • affordability
  • acceptability
  • practicability
  • legal conformity
  • compatibility
25
Q

What is the Present Value formula?

A

An = R x (1 - (1+r)^-n) / r

26
Q

What are the formulas for NPV and BCR?

A 
NPV = PV(benefits) - PV(costs)
BCR = PV(benefits) / PV(costs)

CIVL3420 (6 decks)

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