Module 4: PSYCHOTHERAPIES AND RELATED THEORIES Flashcards
What Erikson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development
Trust Vs. Mistrust
Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative Vs. Guilt
Industry Vs. Inferiority
Identity Vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
Generativity Vs. Stagnation
Integrity Vs. Despair
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Trust Vs. Mistrust
- Infancy: Birth-1 year old
- Ability to form meaningful relationships, hope about the future, trust in others.
- Faith in the environment
- Unfavorable Outcome: Poor relationships, suspicion, fear of the future
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt
- Early childhood: 1-3 years old
- Self-control, self esteem and will power
- Sense adequacy
- Unfavorable outcome: Feelings of shame and self doubt, poor self control, low self esteem, lack of independence.
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Initiative Vs. Guilt
- Late childhood: 3-6 year old
* Ability to initiate one’s own activities, to be a “self starter” - Unfavorable outcome: sense of guilt, lack of self initiated behavior, lack of goal orientation
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Industry Vs. Inferiority
- School age: 6-12 years old
- Ability to learn how things work, to understand and organize
- Ability to work, sense of competency and achievement
* Friends and classmates play a role in how children progress through the industry vs inferiority stage. Through proficiency at play and schoolwork, children are able to develop a sense of competency and pride in their abilities.
*** Unfavorable outcome: a sense of inferiority at understanding and organizing.
**
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Identity Vs. Role Confusion
* Adolescence: 12-20 years old
* Personal sense of identity
* Seeing oneself as a unique and integrated person (a unity in thought, emotion, and action)
* Unfavorable outcome: confusion over who and what really one is, poor self-identification in group setting
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
- Early adulthood: 20-35 years old
- Committed relationships and capacity to love
- Unfavorable outcome: inability to form affectionate relationships, emotional isolation
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Generativity Vs. Stagnation
- Middle adulthood: 35-65 years old
- Ability to give time and talents to others, ability to care others
- Concern for family and society in general
- Unfavorable outcome: concern only for self
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developement
Integrity Vs. Despair
- Late adulthood: >65 years old
- Fulfillment and comfort with life, willingness to face death, insight, and balanced life events
- A sense of integrity
- Unfavorable outcome: Bitterness, dissatisfaction with life, despair over prospect of death
What virtue is associated with each stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Development?
What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
- Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years)
- Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years):
- Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years)
- Formal Operational Stage (12 years and older):
Jean Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years
In this stage, infants and toddlers learn about the world through their senses and motor activities. They explore their environment, develop object permanence.
Object permanence
Object permanence describes a child’s ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard.
Object constancy
Object Constancy allows us to trust that our bond with those who are close to us remains whole even when they are not physically around. With (Abject Constancy, absence does not mean disappearance or abandonment, only temporary distance.
Jean Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years)
During this stage, children develop language skills and begin to use symbols to represent objects and ideas. However, their thinking is still egocentric, meaning they have difficulty seeing things from others’ perspectives. They also exhibit magical thinking and are not yet capable of logical reasoning.
Jean Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years)
In this stage, children become more capable of logical thinking, but their reasoning is still grounded in concrete experiences and objects. They can understand conservation (the idea that quantities remain the same despite changes in appearance), perform basic mental operations, and think more logically about concrete objects and situations.
Jean Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
Formal Operational Stage (12 years and older)
During this final stage, adolescents and adults develop the ability for abstract and hypothetical thinking.
They can think critically, solve complex problems, and engage in systematic reasoning about abstract concepts. This stage is marked by greater cognitive flexibility and the ability to reason about concepts beyond concrete
What are the 5 stages of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Oral Stage (0-1 years old)
- Anal Stage (1-3 years old)
- Phallic Stage (3-6 years old)
- Latency Stage (6-puberty)
- Genital Stage (puberty onward)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
Oral Stage (0-1 years old)
During this initial stage, the mouth is the primary focus of libidinal energy. Infants gain pleasure from oral activities such as sucking, eating, and biting.
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
Anal Stage (1-3 years old)
In this stage, children begin to experience pleasure from controlling their bowel movements and the act of elimination. This stage involves potty training and learning to control bodily functions.
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
Phallic Stage (3-6 years old)
At this age, children begin to discover the differences between males and females. Here, the libido centers on the genital area. Freud introduced the concepts of the Oedipus complex in boys and the Electra complex in girls, where a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and hostility toward the same-sex parent.
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
Latency Stage (6-puberty)
During the latency stage, the sexual urges are repressed and dormant, and the child focuses on developing skills and engaging in activities with same-sex peers. Freud believed that this stage was crucial for cultural and social development.
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
Genital Stage (puberty onward)
In the final stage of psychosexual development, the sexual urges reawaken and become directed towards heterosexual pleasure rather than self-pleasure. This stage marks the development of mature adult sexuality and relationships.
What is the basis of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
It is a psychological theory that seeks to explain how individuals create reliable emotional connections, bonding relationships, and emotional regulation between humans based on psychological and physiological needs.
According to Bowlby, if a child fails to attachment and create emotion bonds in childhood, it can lead to _____.
Psychological disruptions, emotional imbalances, and behavioral trouble in adulthood.
Bowlby’s theory claims that if an infanct can develop strong emotional bonds with trusted caregivers or figures in their early lives, then __________.
These caregivers create real-world interactions and provide safety, comfort, stability, and warmth for the infant, which leads to emotional safety and self-regulation.
Who developed Cognitive therapy?
Aaron Beck
What is Cognitive Therapy?
It is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and changing dysfunctional thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors. It is based on the premise that our thoughts and perceptions influence our feelings and behaviors. By addressing and modifying maladaptive thought patterns, cognitive therapy aims to alleviate emotional distress and improve coping skills.
What is the goal of cognitve therapy?
empower individuals to develop healthier ways of thinking and behaving, leading to improved emotional well-being.
What is Behavioral Therapy?
- It is a type of therapy that focuses on identifying and changing unhealthy behaviors. It is based on the idea that our behaviors are learned responses to our environment, and by modifying these behaviors, we can improve our mental health and well-being.
What techniques do behavioral therapists use?
positive reinforcement
exposure
relaxation
skills training
problem-solving
role-playing
modeling
What is the goal of cognitive behavioral therapy?
CBT aimes to change our thought patterns, our conscious and unconscious beliefs, our attitudes, and ultimately our behavior to help us face difficulties and achieve our goals.
What are the 3 core principles of CBT?
- Psychological problems are based in part on faulty or unhelpful ways of thinking.
- Psychological problems are base in part on learned patterns of unhelpful behavior.
- People suffering from psychological problems can learn better ways of coping with them, thereby relieving their symptoms and becoming more effective in their lives.
CBT treatment usually involves efforts to **changing thinking patterns. ** These strategies might include:
- Learning to recognize ones’ distortions in thinking that are creating problems, and then to reevaluate them in light of reality.
- Gaining a better understanding of the behaviors and motivation of others.
- Using problem solving skills to cope with difficult situations
- Learning to develop greater sense of confidence in one’s own abilities.
CBT treatment usually involves efforts to **change behavioral patterns. ** These strategies might include:
- Facing one’s fears instead of avoiding them.
- Using role paly to prepare for potentially problematic interactions with others.
- Learning to claim one’s mind and relax one’s body.
What does trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
addresses the mental health needs of children, adolescents, and families suffering from the destructive effects of early trauma
True or False
The treatment is particularly sensitive to the unique problems, of youths with post-traumatic stress and mood disorders resulting from sexual abuse, as well as from physical abuse, violence, or trauma.
What does Psychodynamic Therapy focus on and what is the goal of this therapy?
Focuses on unconscious processes as they are manifested in the client’s present behavior.
The goals of psychodynamic therapy are client self-awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior.
Who started dialectical behavioral therapy?
Marsha Linehan
DBT is good for ____ personality disorder?
borderline personality disorder. because it can decrease SI in BPD