Module 4: Probability

Question 1

Probability

Answer 1

A quantification of uncertainty - its a number between 0 and 1 that we assign to describe the chance of an event happening

Question 2

Experiment

Answer 2

A process of observation with an uncertain outcome

Question 3

Experimental outcome

Answer 3

Is one result of an experiment

Question 4

Random (probability) experiment

Answer 4

A set of trials in which the outcome of each trial is not known ahead of time

Question 5

Trial

Answer 5

One run of an experiment

Question 6

Sample space

Answer 6

The set of all possible experimental outcomes, denoted S

Question 7

Set

Answer 7

A collection of individually defined objects that is considered to be a mathematical object itself

Question 8

Event

Answer 8

A set of sample space outcomes, denoted E or any capital letter

Question 9

Subset

Answer 9

A set whose elements are contained within a larger set

Question 10

Complement

Answer 10

The complement of an event is its opposite

Question 11

Intersection

Answer 11

The intersection of 2 events A and B is the set of events that occur in both A and B

Question 12

Union

Answer 12

The union of 2 events A and B is the set of al events that occur in either A or B or both

Question 13

The addition rule

Answer 13

P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A^B)

Question 14

Conditional probability

Answer 14

The probability that event A occurs, given that event B has already occured

Question 15

Independent

Answer 15

Do not influence eachother

Question 16

Mutually exclusive

Answer 16

If they cannot both occur at the same time

Question 17

Bayes’ rule

Answer 17

Told one “given” then you can fine the reverse - when you have the “opposite” conditional probability

Question 18

Partition

Answer 18

Splitting the sample space into non-overlapping pieces

Question 19

The law of total probability

Answer 19

Gives a way to calculate the probability of an unknown event, when we know some ‘split up’ probabilities related to the event