Module 4: Organic Chemistry (Chapter 11) Flashcards
Define hydrocarbon
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.
Define homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group (giving similar chemical properties) but with each successive member differing by CH2.
Define functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
Define alkyl group
Of formula CnH2n+1
Define saturated hydrocarbons
Single C-C bonds only
Define unsaturated hydrocarbon
Presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds in the form of C=C and triple carbon bonds, and aromatic rings
Define Aliphatic
Hydrocarbon joined in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
Define alicyclic
Aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Define aromatic
Containing a benzene ring
What are the 3 types of hydrocarbon
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Alkane general formula
CnH2n+2
Alkene gf
CnH2n
Alcohol gf
CnH2n+1OH
Carboxylic acid gf
CnH2nO2
Ketone gf
CnH2nO
Alcohol fg
-OH (-ol’ or hydroxy- if another functional group takes priority)
Carboxylic acid fg
-COOH (-oic acid)
Ketone fg
-C(CO)C- (-one)
Aldehyde fg
-CHO (-al)
Define structural isomer
Compound with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
Define homolytic fission
When’s covalent bond breaks and each of the bonding atoms receives one of the electrons from the bonded pair.
Define heterolytic fission
When a covalent bond breaks and one of the bonding atoms receives both of the electrons from the bonded pair
What forms in homolytic fission
2 radicals
Define radicals
A species with an unpaired electron
What forms in heterolytic fission?
A cation and anion
What are the 3 types of reaction?
Addition
Substitution
Elimination
