Module 4 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
what is organic chemistry
the chemistry of compounds derived from living systems
what is a hydrocarbon?
a compund containing carbon and hydrogen only
what does it mean by saturated
has single bonds onlyw
what does it mean by unsaturated
contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds
what is the homologous series
a family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group
what is the simplest homologous series
the alkanes
what is a functional group
the part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties
give an example of a functional group
having oxygen, nitrogen and halogens bonding to carbon and hydrogen, this can lead to the formation of alcohols and amino groups
why do organic molecules need to be named
because there are so many organic compounds
what is IUPAC
an organisation that was founded in 1919 by chemists that recognised the need for standardisation of the name of compounds
what are the three ways hydrocarbons can be classified as
aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic
what does aliphatic mean
carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains
what does alicyclic means
carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures
what does aromatic mean
some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
what are three homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons that should be known
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
describe alkanes
containing single carbon-carbon bonds
describe alkenes
containing at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond
describe alkynes
contain at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond
what does the stem of the organic compound name indicate
the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the molecule
what does the prefix of naming an orgainc compound mean
can be added before the stem, often to indicate the presence of side chains or a functional groups
what does the suffix of naming a compound indicate
added after the stem to indicate functional groups
whats the first step of naming alphatic alkanes
all alkanes have the suffix -ane
whats the second step of naming alkanes
identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (the parent chain)
whats the third step of naming alkanes
identify any side chains attached to the parent chain (alkyl groups)
