Module 4 Organic Chemistry

Question 1

what is organic chemistry

Answer 1

the chemistry of compounds derived from living systems

Question 2

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

a compund containing carbon and hydrogen only

Question 3

what does it mean by saturated

Answer 3

has single bonds onlyw

Question 4

what does it mean by unsaturated

Answer 4

contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds

Question 5

what is the homologous series

Answer 5

a family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group

Question 6

what is the simplest homologous series

Answer 6

the alkanes

Question 7

what is a functional group

Answer 7

the part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

Question 8

give an example of a functional group

Answer 8

having oxygen, nitrogen and halogens bonding to carbon and hydrogen, this can lead to the formation of alcohols and amino groups

Question 9

why do organic molecules need to be named

Answer 9

because there are so many organic compounds

Question 10

what is IUPAC

Answer 10

an organisation that was founded in 1919 by chemists that recognised the need for standardisation of the name of compounds

Question 11

what are the three ways hydrocarbons can be classified as

Answer 11

aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic

Question 12

what does aliphatic mean

Answer 12

carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains

Question 13

what does alicyclic means

Answer 13

carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures

Question 14

what does aromatic mean

Answer 14

some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 15

what are three homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons that should be known

Answer 15

alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

Question 16

describe alkanes

Answer 16

containing single carbon-carbon bonds

Question 17

describe alkenes

Answer 17

containing at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 18

describe alkynes

Answer 18

contain at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 19

what does the stem of the organic compound name indicate

Answer 19

the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the molecule

Question 20

what does the prefix of naming an orgainc compound mean

Answer 20

can be added before the stem, often to indicate the presence of side chains or a functional groups

Question 21

what does the suffix of naming a compound indicate

Answer 21

added after the stem to indicate functional groups

Question 22

whats the first step of naming alphatic alkanes

Answer 22

all alkanes have the suffix -ane

Question 23

whats the second step of naming alkanes

Answer 23

identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (the parent chain)

Question 24

whats the third step of naming alkanes

Answer 24

identify any side chains attached to the parent chain (alkyl groups)

Question 25

describe alkyl group

Answer 25

has an hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain
- name of alkyl group is added as a prefix to the name of the parent chain

Question 26

whats the fourth step of naming alkanes

Answer 26

add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the alkyl groups on the parent chain