Module 4: Nomenclature Flashcards
This is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element
Chemical symbols
Atoms of the same element that differ in mass
Isotopes
who discovered isotopes?
Fredrick Soddy
What is different from isotopes of the same element?
Number of neutrons
isotope of Hydrogen with no neutron
Protium
isotope of Hydrogen with one neutron
Deuterium
isotope of Hydrogen with two neutron
Tritium
This is approximately equal to the mass number of an element
Atomic mass
A weighted, average mass of all the isotopes present in a naturally occurring sample of that element
Atomic Mass
Atomic mass is expressed in?
atomic mass unit (amu)
Formula for average atomic mass unit
Summation of fraction abundance of one isotope x isotopic mass and so on
The instrument used to experimentally determine the occurrence and natural abundances of isotopes
Mass Spectrometry
An electrically charged atom
Ion
all ions are atoms?
True
all atoms are ions?
False
an atom that gains one or more electrons
Anion
a negatively charged ion
Anion
an atom that loses one or more electrons
Cation
a positively charged ion
Cation
Name for Group 1 in the periodic table
Alkali metals
Name for Group 2 in the periodic table
Alkaline earth metals
Name for Group 15 in the periodic table
Pnictogens
Name for Group 16 in the periodic table
Chalcogens
Name for Group 17 in the periodic table
Halogens
Name for Group 18 in the periodic table
Noble Gases
It is the representation of a molecule with the use of chemical symbols to indicate the type of atoms with a subscript that indicate the number of atoms of each type
Molecular Formula
It shows how the atoms are connected in a molecule
Structural Formula
It shows the molecular geometry of a molecule
Ball and Stick Model
It focus on showing the electron cloud of a molecule
Space-filling Model
Electron Cloud
areas of higher probability of finding an electron which is always in motion
true chemical formula of a compound
Molecular Formula
lowest number ratio possible of a compound
Empirical Formula
Elements that tend to lose electrons to become cations
Metals
Elements that tend to gain electrons and become anions
Non-metals
Compound formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal in which a transfer of electrons between the two occurs which is stabilized by ionic bonds
Ionic Compound
electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions of an ionic compounds
Ionic bonds
Nomenclature for binary ionic compounds
cation first and anion second
change ending of anion to “-ide”
add roman numeral for cations that can have multiple charges
Ions composed of more than one atom that act as a discrete unit and are electrically charged molecules
Polyatomic ions
polyatomic ions containing at least one oxygen
Oxyanions
Ammonium
Nh4 +
Peroxide
O2 2-
Hydroxide
OH-
Acetate
C2H3O2 -
Cyanide
CN -
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Bicarbonate
HCO3 -
Nitrate
NO3 -
Nitrite
NO2 -
Sulfate
SO4 2-
Sulfite
SO3 2-
Hydrogen sulfate
HSO4 -
Phosphate
PO4 3-
Hydrogen phosphate
HPO4 2-
Dihydrogen phosphate
H2PO4 -
Perchlorate
ClO4 -
Chlorate
ClO3 -
Chlorite
ClO2 -
Hypochlorite
ClO -
Chromate
CrO4 2-
Dichromate
Cr2O7 2-
Permanganate
MnO4 -
Oxalate
C2O4 2-
Thiosulfate
S2O3 2-
Compounds that consist of discrete, neutral molecules that results when atoms share electrons through covalent bonds
Molecular Compounds
Compounds that often exist as gases, low-boiling liquids and low-melting solids
Molecular Compounds
Compounds that often exist as solids that have high boiling and melting points
Ionic Compounds
Compounds that formed between two nonmetals
Molecular Compounds
Nomenclature for Binary Molecular Compounds
more metallic element first and more nonmetallic element second
add numerical prefixes to both elements (except mono in the more metallic element)
Change ending of more nonmetallic element to “-ide”
compounds that comprised of hydrogen and one other nonmetallic element in aqueous state
Binary Acids
Nomenclature for Binary Acids (aq)
“hydro-“ prefix
other nonmetallic element with “-ide” suffix
and the word “acid”
Nomenclature for Binary Acids (s)
the word “hydrogen”
change ending of nonmetallic element to “-ide”
Compounds that contain hydrogen, oxygen and at least one other element bonded in a way that it impart acidic properties to the compound
Oxyacids
Compounds that typically consist of hydrogen combined with a polyatomic ion containing oxygen
Oxyacids
Nomenclature for Oxyacids
No “hydrogen” word
start with root name of anion and replace ending for “-ate” to “-ic” and for “-ite” with “-ous”
add the word “acid”
Nomenclature for Oxyacids with more than 2 ternary acids
No “hydrogen” word
start with root name of anion and replace ending for highest number of atom, “per-“ and “-ic” ; “-ic” ; “ous” ; “hypo-“ and “-ous” for lowest number of atom
add the word “acid”
