Module 2: Measurements Flashcards
This provide macroscopic information that describe the behavior of matter
Measurements
Signify the size or magnitude in a measurement
Number
Signify a standard of comparison in a measurement
Unit
The last digit in the number indicate this information in a measurement
Uncertainty of measurement
Three information in a measurement
a number, a unit and an indication of the uncertainty of measurement
International System of Units that has been used since 1964
SI Units
7 base units of SI systems
meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere, mole, candela
10 e-15
femto
10 e-12
pico
10 e-9
nano
10 e-6
micro
10 e-3
milli
10 e-2
centi
10 e-1
deci
10 e3
kilo
10 e6
mega
10 e9
giga
10 e12
tera
this is the distance light in a vacuum travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second
Meter (m)
SI unit for length
Meter (m)
This is defined by a certain cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy
Kilogram (kg)
SI unit for mass
Kilogram (kg)
SI unit for time
Seconds (s)
Property of matter that does not change as the amount of matter changes
Intensive Property
Property of matter that changes as the amount of matter changes
Extensive Property
SI unit for temperature
kelvin (K)
lowest temperature that can be theoretically achieved
0 K
this is the coldness or hotness of an object
Temperature
Temperature where water freezes
273.15 K
Temperature where water boils
373.15 K
formula for celsius to fahrenheit
Tf = (9/5 x Tc) + 32
formula for fahrenheit to celsius
Tc = 5/9 x (tf - 32)
formula for celsius to Kelvin
Tk = Tc + 273.15
Derived unit which is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object
Volume (v)
The ratio of the mass of a sample of the substance to its volume
Density (d)
SI unit for density
kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3)
formula for density
mass / volume
type of measurement free from uncertainty
Counting
all of the digits in a measurement and one uncertain digit
Significant Figures
Are all nonzero digits significant?
Significant
Are all captive zeros significant?
Significant
Are all trailing zeros significant?
Trailing zeros are significant if there is a decimal place
Are all leading zeros significant?
Not significant
How can ambiguity in numbers be resolved?
Scientific Notation
How to round off when the number to be drop is 5?
Round up or down whichever yields an even value
when measurements yield similar results when repeated in the same manner
Precision
when a measurement yields a result that is very close to the true or accepted value
Accuracy
type of error that occurs when the result of a series of measurements produce no observable pattern
Random Error
type of error that occurs when the results of a series of measurement produce an observable pattern
Systematic Error
a mathematical approach based on the premise that the unit of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations at their associated numbers
Dimensional Analysis
another name for dimensional analysis
Factor-label method
a method used to convert from one unit of measure to another
Dimensioanl Analysis
