Module 4 - Module 5

Question 1

What are the 5 physical signs assessed for immediately after birth (APGAR SCORE)

Answer 1

1) Activity (muscle tone) - absent, arms and legs flexed, active movement
2) Pulse - absent, below 100bpm, over 100bpm
3) Reflex irritability - no response, grimaces, cries
4) Appearance - blue/pale, body pink with blue extremities, completely pink
5) Respiration - absent, slow and irregular, vigorous cry

Question 2

What are the 3 measurements taken and plotted on a centile chart

Answer 2

1) Head circumference
2) Length (crown-heel)
3) Weight

Question 3

Outline some differences between children and adults

Answer 3

• 0-6months; obligatory nose breathers. Respiratory distress occurs if nose becomes blocked
• Children have larger tongues and smaller airways; greater risk of obstruction
• Shorter and softer trachea; over-extension of airway during airway manouveres may result in airway collapse
• Children have thinner skin; increased absorption of substances
• Immature blood-brain barrier; more likely to exhibit neurological symptoms
• Cells divide more rapidly to facilitate growth
• Children have less brittle and more flexible bones
• Tonsils and adenoids grow disproportionately fast; inflammatory response more likely to compromise air movement

Question 4

What is the age of an Infant?

Answer 4

• Birth till one year

Question 5

What age bracket is a child?

Answer 5

Aged 1-8 years. After 8 years of age adult CPR guidelines are to be followed.

Question 6

What is the ratio of breaths to compressions in paediatric CPR

Answer 6

2 breaths - 15 compressions

Question 7

How many joules/kg are required for a shock?

Answer 7

4J/kg

Question 8

What units of adrenaline and amioderone are required in ALS for paeds?

Answer 8

Adrenaline; 10mcg/kg

Amioderone; 5mg/kg after 3 shocks

Question 9

The Moro reflex is also known as the?

Answer 9

Startle reflex

Question 10

What are two differences between the adult and paediatric BLS algorithms?

Answer 10

1) Paediatric begins with 2 initial breaths

2) the ratio of breaths to compressions differ

Question 11

What are some manouvers that can be used to open a paediatric airway?

Answer 11

Chin lift, head tilt, jaw thrust

Question 12

How many words can a 12 month old say?

Answer 12

2, plus “mama and dada”

Question 13

Why is post-pregnancy care and follow up appointments highly important?

Answer 13

It promotes maternal and infant health by recognizing and responding to any pre-existing or emerging issues, thus facilitating a mothers ability to adapt.

Question 14

What are some issues for consideration at all post-natal assessments?

Answer 14

1) Psychological adjustments to parenthood; mood, responsiveness to baby, self care, relationship with partner, resuming social activities
2) Physical Adjustments; fatigue and energy levels, breastfeeding
3) Family Environment; housing, unemployment, isolation
4) Level of support; relationships with others

Question 15

Outline some Challenges for adolescents in regards to their health

Answer 15

• Peer pressure; more likely to participate in risky behaviours due to the fear of being left out
• Bullying and cyber-bullying; increased risk for mental health issues and self-harm
• STI’s and adolescent pregnancies

Question 16

Outline aspects involved in a newborn assessment

Answer 16

• APGAR score
• Head circumference, weight, length
• Observation of elimination and feeding
• Blood spot test
• Presence of primitive reflexes