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Integumentary (SP23, Exam2) > Module 4 MiniModule 2: Fleas and Flea Allergy Dermatitis > Flashcards

Module 4 MiniModule 2: Fleas and Flea Allergy Dermatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology
List the of flea species important in the USA:

A
  • Most common: Ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea)**
  • Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea)
  • Pulex spp.
    - Pulex irritans (human flea)
    - Pulex simulans
  • Echidnophaga gallinacean (poultry sticktight flea)
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2
Q
  • Pearly white, oval with rounded ends, 0.5 mm long
  • Lays eggs on host, then fall into environment
  • Hatch within 1-10 days
    This is describing …
A

C. felis flea egg

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3
Q
  • Negatively phototactic (doesn’t like light), positively geotrophic
  • Undergo 2 molts before developing into pupal stage
  • Stage is 5-11 days, depending on food/climate
  • Susceptible to heat and desiccation
    This is describing …
A

C. felis flea larvae

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4
Q

What is the only life stage of C. felis that is not affected by flea treatments?

A

Pupa

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5
Q
  • Larva produces a silk-like cocoon; ovoid, 0.5 cm long, whitish, loosely spun, sticky
  • Carpet, bedding, under furniture, soil
  • Flea emerges in 5-8 days; proper stimulation = physical pressure, CO2, heat
  • Fully formed adult flea that resides in cocoon (preemerged adult) may survive for several weeks (up to 140 days if desiccation prevented)
    This is describing …
A

C. felis Pupa

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6
Q

What is the only stage of C. felis that spends its entire life on the host?

A

C. felis Adult flea

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7
Q
  • Begin feeding (blood) within seconds
  • Mating occurs in the first 8-24 hrs
  • Producing eggs within 36 to 48 hrs of their first blood meal, may lay 20 eggs/day, continue for 100 days
  • 21 day life cycle, one female, 20 eggs/day, 50% hatch into females, responsible for >20,000 adults, >160,000 preadults in 60 days
    This is describing …
A

C. felis adult flea

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8
Q
  • Hypersensitivity to flea saliva
  • 15 different antigens
    - Type I (immediate IgE hypersensitivity)
    - Type IV
    This is describing the pathogenesis of …
A

Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)

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9
Q

List the Clinical Signs of Canine FAD:

A
  • Most common age of onset is 1 to 5 yrs
  • It is rare but possible for them to develop signs at < 6 months
  • Papules (pyoderma, primary lesion)
    - Develop into crusts
    - Very pruritic
    - Self- inflicted lesions (Excoriations, alopecia, lichenification, scaling)
  • Location (Affected sites)
    - Dorsal lumbosacral
    - Caudomedial thighs
    - Ventral abdomen
    - Flanks
  • Pyotraumatic dermatitis (“hot spots”)
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10
Q

List the 3 most pruritic skin diseases of the dog:

A
  • Sarcoptic mange
  • FAD
  • CAFR
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11
Q

List Clinical Signs of Feline FAD:

A
  • Military Dermitis (crusted papules, not a disease)
  • Head and neck pruritus
  • Non-inflammatory alopecia
  • Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex
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12
Q

List the Diagnosis of FAD:

A
  • Presence of Flea/flea dirt
  • Tapeworm
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13
Q

Environmental Flea Control
- Active ingredients that prevent the egg from hatching

A

Ovicidal

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14
Q

Environmental Flea Control
- Active ingredients that prevent larval development

A

Lavicidal

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15
Q
  • Active ingredients that target adult flea
A

Adulticidal Activity

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16
Q

What is the spectrum activity of spinosad?

A

Adult flea

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17
Q

What is the spectrum activity of milbemycin oxime?

A

Heartworm, hookworm, roundworm, whipworm

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18
Q

Imidacloprid kills adult fleas in _______ hours

A

12

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19
Q

Environmental Flea Control:
- Inhibit the development of the immature stages: larva cannot pupate; ovicidal
- Flea larva, flea egg
- NOT ADULTICIDES
- Methoprene
- Pyriproxyfen
- Product:
- Outdoor/indoor spray
- On-animal topical spot-ons

A

Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)

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20
Q

Environmental Flea Control:
- Oral
- Flea larva, flea egg
- NOT ADULTICIDE
- Inhibition of flea development (IDI)

A

Lufenuron

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21
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Viscous nonpolar compounds
- Derived from Chrysanthemum
- Quick activity, little residual
- Rapidly inactivated in UV light
- Low mammalian toxicity, relatively safe for cats/young
- Adult Flea

A

Pyrethrins (not very potent)

22
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- More stable, higher potency than pyrethrins
- Quick kill, stable in UV light
- High concentrations toxic to CATS – However, some are approved in cats
- Topical
- Adult fleas , Ticks

A

Synthetic Pyrethroids
(permethrin, tetramethrin, sumithrin, cyphenothrin, flumethrin, etofenprox - approved in cats)

23
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Chloronicotinyl nitroguanidine
- Advantage II, K-9 Advantix II, Advantage Multi, Seresto Collar: Elanco
- Topical monthly/collar
- Translocates over the body with no systemic absorption
- Adult flea, flea larva, flea egg
- Kills adult fleas in 12 hrs

A

Imidacloprid

24
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Phenylpyrazole
- Frontline Plus, Frontline Gold, Frontline Shield for Dogs, Boehringer Ingelheim
- Effitix Plus, Effipro Plus, Virbac
- Applied as a topical solution monthly
- Concentrates in the sebaceous secretions, slowly released
- Adult fleas, flea larvae, ticks
- Kills adult fleas in 24 hrs

A

Fipronil

25
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Semi-synthetic avermectin
- Revolution, Zoetis
- RevolutionPlus, Zoetis
- Topical monthly
- Adult flea, flea larva, flea egg
- Kills fleas in dogs in 36 hrs
- Kills fleas in cats in 24 hrs

A

Selamectin

26
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Transdermally absorbed, circulates in the bloodstream, concentrates in sebaceous glands, stored as a reservoir
- Efficacy
- Adul flea, flea larva, flea egg
- Heartworm, and ear mites
- Sarcoptic mange and (not really used for this) ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) in dogs
- Hookworm and roundworm in cats

A

Selamectin

27
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Neonicotinoid
- Capstar, Elanco
- Oral
- Adult flea
- Begins killing fleas in 30 mins
- Kills adult fleas in:
- 4 hours on dogs
- 6 hours on cats
- Drug eliminated in 24 hrs
- Can be administered daily

A

Nitenpyram

28
Q

Flea adulticides:
- Novel third-generation neonicotinoid
- Vectra 3D (dog), Vectra (dog and puppy), Vectra (cat and kitten), Catego (cat and kitten), Ceva Animal Health
- Topical monthly
- Adult flea
- Kills adult fleas in 6 hours

A

Dinotefuran

29
Q

Flea Adulticides:
Insecticide produced from a family of natural products derived from the fermentation of the actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora spinosa
- Comfortis, Trifexis, Elanco
- Oral

A

Spinosad

30
Q

Flea Adulticides:
Similar to spinosad, but partially synthetic
- Cheristin Elanco
- Topical

A

Spinetoram

31
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Isoxazoline chemical class
- NexGard Chewables, Boehringer Ingelheim
- Chewable “beef” (soy) flavored tablet - Monthly
- Dogs: 8 weeks or older
- Adult fleas, ticks
- Adult fleas killed in 24 hrs
- caution in dogs with a history of seizures

A

Afoxolaner

32
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Isoxazoline chemical class
- Adult fleas, ticks
- Chewable pork liver flavor tablet; Solution
- Caution in animals with history of seizures
- Adult fleas killed in 12 hrs

A

Fluralaner

33
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Isoxazoline chemical class
- Chewable pork liver flavor tablet/Solution-Monthly
- Dogs and cats
- Adult fleas, ticks
- Adult fleas killed in 8 hrs

A

Sarolaner

34
Q

Flea Adulticides:
- Isoxazoline chemical class
- Dogs and cats
- Adult fleas, ticks
- Adult fleas killed in 12 hrs

A

Lotilaner

35
Q

List the “Environmental” targeting flea larva, flea egg:

A
  • Methoprene
  • Pyriproxifen
  • Lufenuron
36
Q

List the Adulticides targeting only Adult fleas:

A
  • Nitenpyram
  • Dinotefuran
  • Spinosad/spinoteram
37
Q

List the Adulticides targeting only Adult fleas & Ticks:

A
  • Afoxolaner
  • Fluralaner
  • Sarolaner
  • Lotilaner
38
Q

Flea Life Cycle:
Which life stage is not affected by parasiticides?

A

Pupa

39
Q

Flea Life Cycle:
Which life stage spends its entire life on the animal?

A

Adult

40
Q

Flea Life Cycle:
Which life stage is negatively phototactic, positively geotrophic?

A

Larva

41
Q

Flea Life Cycle:
Which life stage is in largest numbers in the environment?

A

egg

42
Q

Flea Medications:
Monthly flea control for a dog on a food trial

A

Frontline Gold

43
Q

Flea Medications;
Dog needing oral tick control

A

Nexgard

44
Q

Flea Medication:
Dog with fleas identified during a physical exam at the veterinarians

A

Capstar

45
Q

Spectrum of Activity Active ingredients:
Pyriproxifen

A

Flea larva, flea egg

46
Q

Spectrum of Activity Active ingredients:
Imidacloprid

A

Adult flea, flea larva, flea egg

47
Q

Spectrum of Activity Active ingredients:
Nitenpyram

A

Adult fleas

48
Q

Spectrum of Activity Active ingredients:
Afoxolaner

A

Adult flea, ticks

49
Q

Spectrum of Activity Active ingredients:
Praziquantel

A

Tapeworms

50
Q

Spectrum of Activity Active ingredients:
Milbemycin oxime

A

Heartworm, hookworm, roundworm, whipworm

Integumentary (SP23, Exam2) (5 decks)

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